3. The name of the people was never mentioned in these laws; they were enacted wholly for the profit of the soldiery. Before the distributions made by the triumvirate, the public lands had been absorbed, or at least the fragments remaining were in no way sufficient to recompense the service of the veterans. Upon the establishment of the empire, the public lands became a vast manorial estate whose over-lord was the emperor himself. [Footnote 1: L. Langii, Commentationis de Legibus Antoniis a Cicerone Phil., V, 4, 10; Commemoratis particula prior et posterior; Lipsiae, 1882; Lange, _Röm. Alter._, III, 499, 503, 526; Marquardt u. Momm., _Röm. Alter._, IV, 116.] [Footnote 2: Lange, _Comm._, II, 14.] [Footnote 3: Cicero, _Phil._, VI, 5, 14; XI, 6, 13.] [Footnote 4: _Phil._, V, 7, 20.] [Footnote 5: Langii, _Comm._, II, 14.] [Footnote 6: Cic., _Phil._, II, 17, 43; II, 39, 101; III, 9, 22; VIII, 8, 26; Dio Cass., 45, 30; 46, S.] [Footnote 7: Cic., _Phil._, V, 4, 10; V, 19, 53; X, 8, 17; VIII, 15, 31.] [Footnote 8: [Greek: "Dosesi ton Italikon poleon oktokaideka ... osper autois anti taes polemias dorilaeptoi genomenai.... Outo men ta kallista taes Italias to strato diegrephon."] App., IV, 3.] FINIS. End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Public Lands and Agrarian Laws of the Roman Republic, by Andrew Stephenson