The engraving 164 shows a pitcher pump dissected, in which A represents the lever or handle, B the plunger which contains the discharge valve and is made tight by a cup leather packing, C is the fulcrum for the lever, D the barrel or cylinder, E the lower or suction valve, F the base which supports the pump. The leather which forms the valve E also makes the joint between the cylinder and the base. Fig. 165 represents a _Two-Cylinder Suction and Force Pump_ arranged with extension levers. When these levers are put in place, they afford room for a large force of men to work, renders this pump a most powerful engine for throwing water on fires, or supplying it for many uses about factories, warehouses, wharves, etc. The discharge hose can be fitted both ends for wrought-iron pipe or either end for hose. The Table below gives the makers’ numbers, the diameter of the cylinders, etc., and also distance to which the water can be lifted or forced. [Illustration: FIG. 165.] TABLE OF SIZES, CAPACITIES, ETC. ---+--------+---------+---------+------ -------+--------------+--------- No.|Diameter| Stroke |Capacity | Discharge | Suction |*Lift and |Cylinder| | per Rev.| | | Force ---+--------+---------+---------+--------------+--------------+--------- 4 |3 in.|6-1/2 in.| ·40 gal.|1-1/4 in. hose|1-1/2 in. pipe|100 ft. 4 |3 „ |6-1/2 „ | ·40 gal.|1-1/4 „ |1-1/2 „ |100 ft. 6 |3-1/2 „ |6-1/2 „ | ·54 „ |1-1/2 „ |2 „ | 75 „ 8 |4 „ |8 „ | ·87 „ |2 „ |2-1/2 „ | 75 „ 10 |4-1/2 „ |8 „ |1·10 „ |2 „ |2-1/2 „ | 75 „ 12 |5 „ |8 „ |1·36 „ |2 „ |2-1/2 „ | 75 „ 16 |6 „ |7 „ |1·96 „ |2-1/2 „ |4 „ | 50 „ ---+--------+---------+---------+--------------+--------------+--------- * _Total lift and force from supply to point of delivery, Pump not more than 25 feet above water._ Fig. 166 represents _a hand, rotary force pump_ provided with a balance wheel. A sectional view of this pump is given in Fig. 167; these pumps are adapted for almost any place or purpose where lift or force pumps can be used, they can be moved to any place where water is within suction distance and immediately operated. [Illustration: FIG. 166.] The provision of a foot valve at the end of the suction pipe will keep it always filled. _In the rotary pump there are no pistons._ As will be seen in the Fig. 167, there are two pinions of extremely coarse pitch meshing into one another with neat fit in the case; the joints become practically air-tight by the water which surrounds them and passes through the case. [Illustration: FIG. 167.]