Pumps and Hydraulics, Part 1 (of 2)Hawkins, N. (Nehemiah)
Science
Pumps and Hydraulics, Part 1 (of 2)
Hawkins, N. (Nehemiah)
Hydraulic machinery; Pumping machinery
In Fig. 207 is shown a double acting power pump used principally for
feeding boilers but may be employed for any purpose in forcing water
or other liquids against pressure. This pump is double acting, is made
with four _check valves_, as shown in engraving, and will draw water
through 25 feet of suction pipe. On a high lift like the foregoing a
foot valve (as shown at D in Fig. 204) should be used.
[Illustration: FIG. 207.]
The form of valves used in this type of pump are the regular commercial
check valves, made of steam-metal, extra heavy; the valve proper is of
the _wing_ pattern as shown in the small cuts. There are four of these
wings on each valve, at right angles to one another forming a cross
with arms of equal lengths.
[Illustration: STRAIGHT WINGS.]
[Illustration: SPIRAL WINGS.]
The seat of the valve has an angle of 45° to which the valve is
adjusted. A part of this valve projects above the top and has a slot,
shown by the dotted line in it to receive the edge of a screw-driver,
held in a bit stock to grind the valve seat in refitting. The lift of
the valve is regulated by the distance between the top of the stem and
the bottom of the covering nut or cap.
In hydraulic pumps it is found to be good practice to give the wings of
these valves a twist, or pitch, so that the water in passing through
will cause the valve to rotate and fall in a new position every time it
comes in contact with the seat.
Fig. 208 represents a very compact design of _double acting low service
belt driven pump_. The water cylinder is bored and has a piston fitted
to it; both ends of this cylinder are covered with “heads,” one of
which has a stuffing box through which the piston operates; the outer
end of this piston rod is fitted to a slotted yoke which slides upon a
guide at the bottom.
This mechanism, just described, takes the place of a pitman connection
and occupies very much less space. The crank shaft is supported at each
end in pillow blocks and is driven by a belt having a tight and loose
pulley; larger sizes are geared. Access to the two sets of valves can
be had by slacking up four nuts upon the long belts, two of which are
shown in the engraving. The broad base secures great stability for this
size pump.
[Illustration: FIG. 208.]
[Illustration: FIG. 209.]
[Illustration: FIG. 210.]
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