The action of this pump is as follows: Suppose the piston moving in the direction of the arrow nears the end of the stroke; the tappet block comes in contact with the left-hand tappet and throws the secondary valve to the left until it’s edge, A, Fig. 284, uncovers the small port, S, Fig. 283, admitting steam to the valve piston. The port, E, and chamber, F, in the secondary valve provide for the exhaust of steam from the left-hand end of valve piston in the same manner and at the same time that steam is admitted behind the right-hand end. The exhaust ports in the chest allow for properly cushioning the valve piston. The small ports on the other side of the steam cylinder, Fig. 283, control the motion of the valve in the other direction and act in exactly the same manner as those just described. In case the steam pressure should for any reason fail to start the valve piston in time there is a lug, B, Fig. 286, which forms a part of the valve stem and comes in contact with the valve piston and the entire power of the steam cylinder starts it. The correct timing of the valve movements is controlled by the position of the tappets. If they are too near together, the valve will be thrown too soon and thus the stroke of the pump will be shortened, while on the other hand if too far apart, the pump will complete its stroke without moving the valves. The tappets are set and keyed securely before leaving the factory. [Illustration: FIGS. 283-285.] [Illustration: FIG. 286.] The exhaust from the cylinder is cut off when the piston covers the inner port, and forms a steam cushion for the piston to prevent it striking the heads. _To set the valve._ Place the steam piston at the end of stroke nearest stuffing-box and the secondary valve so that it will uncover the steam port, S, Fig. 283. Set the tappet next to the steam cylinder on the valve stem against the tappet block and secure it in this position. Slide the secondary valve forward until the opposite steam port is uncovered and place the steam piston in its extreme outward position, then set the other tappet against the tappet block. Now set the valve so that the inside main steam port is open and the valve piston in position to engage the main steam valve, put the valve chest on the cylinder and secure it in place. The pump will then be ready to start on the admission of steam to the steam chest. If when steam is turned on the pump refuses to start, simply move the valve rod by hand to the end of its stroke and the pump will move without trouble. In renewing the packing between the steam chest and cylinder extreme caution should be observed to cut out openings for the small ports. THE BUFFALO SINGLE CYLINDER PUMP.