_Horizontal Turbine_—The turbine of 10,500 horse power installed in the Shawinigan plant, Canada, see IV Pt. 2. is of _the horizontal type_, the water entering at, A, the lowest part of the turbine and flows around and fills the outer special tube, passes through an annular gate, flows radially through the wheel thence out through two draft tubes, B, one on each side. The weight of the water wheel is 182 tons, the shaft weighing 10 tons and the bronze runner 5 tons. It is 30 feet from base to top and 32 feet 2-1/2 inches wide over all. The shaft, C, is of solid forged steel, 22 inches diameter in the middle, tapering down to 10 inches diameter on one end and 16 inches diameter on the other, the distance between bearings being 27 feet. The intake is 10 feet in diameter and the quantity of water going through the turbine when developing full power is 395,000 gallons a minute. The speed of the wheel is 180 revolutions per minute with a head of water acting on the turbine of 125 to 135 feet. Fig 123 is designed to show _The Setting of a turbine wheel in a wooden penstock_. [Illustration: FIG. 123.] The principal and most essential dimensions necessary to be considered in setting turbines are indicated by letters, each size having its own particular dimensions. _In setting the wheel_ in the ordinary penstock it is necessary in the first place, to have the floor exactly level, and it is generally more convenient to lay down a ring of soft wood around the hole in the floor, as it will be much easier to dress off with a plane than the plank floor. The floor should be supported by posts under the timbers around the hole, so that there will be no settling of the floor after being once made level. As the flange on which the wheel rests is turned true, the wheel will, when placed on this level floor, stand in the exact position required, _i. e._, the shaft will be exactly vertical. If the wheel is a large one and was taken apart for shipment, the draft tube is first erected in position, then the wheel is placed on its step, the other parts being put on in their order. The step and other bearings are adjusted before leaving the shop, but it will sometimes happen that they will in some way get shifted, and as the wheel is being put together, they should be inspected and readjusted, if necessary. The only change that can occur in the step is its vertical adjustment, which is regulated by screws. When the right height is found, the broad flange around the lower part of the wheel should stand about one-sixteenth of an inch below the under side of the base of the guide rim where it rests upon the draft tube. The adjustable bearing on the top of the cover plate should be fitted up closely around the shaft, but not screwed so tightly as to bind it.