The case is charged thus: the lower end is firmly “clayed” and the composition is charged up to a point about ⅝ inch below the centre, clay is then charged for ¾ inch, and again composition to within a short distance of the top, which is again firmly clayed. Two holes are bored near each end on opposite sides of the case, and a third hole is bored through the centre of the case at right angles to the other two and of sufficient size to take the nail or spindle on which the case revolves. The two holes at the end may be connected with match to light simultaneously, or the time of burning may be lengthened by leading the second half from the lower end of the first lit. In the larger sizes, and generally in display work, a small case charged with a colour composition is attached to the side of the case, producing a ring of colour inside the fire of the saxon. A smaller and cheaper form of saxon is what is in effect half of that described above, the nail being at one end and the propelling hole at the other. [Illustration: Rocket Charging.] [Illustration: Filling Roman Candles.] Formerly saxons for display work were made with a wooden centre, on which the two halves, which were charged separately, were fitted, and to which the colour case was secured by a nail. The tourbillion is a development of the saxon; instead of the central spindle a piece of curved wood is secured to the case, forming a pivot on which to revolve when lying on a flat surface, and two additional holes are bored on the under side of the case, so arranged as to light when the case has sufficiently rapid revolution and project it into the air. Jones describes tourbillions as made to-day, also saxons under the older name of Chinese flyer. In addition, he describes what he calls “table rockets,” which resemble four double saxon cases fitted to a centre, which has a projecting cone upon which the device revolves. He says that “table rockets are designed merely to show the truth of driving and the judgment of a fireworker, they having no other effect when fired than spinning round in the same place where they begin till they are burnt out, and showing nothing more than a horizontal circle of fire,” but afterwards adds that “these rockets may be made to rise like tourbillions by making the cases shorter and boring holes in the under side of each case at equal distances; this being done they are called ‘double tourbillions.’” Frézier shows tourbillions as at present manufactured, which he calls “tourbillion de feu” or “soleil montant,” but the nearest device he shows to a saxon is similar to Jones’s table rocket, made to revolve on a spindle, and having several holes bored down the side of each case, presumably to produce more effect. These he designates “tourniquets” or “soleils tournants.”