[340] LONG-HAIRED WOOLLEN CLOAKS. The _paenulae_, the travelling and winter garments made of rough woollen material or leather. The _lacerna_ differed from the _paenula_ in being an open garment like the Greek pallium, and fastened on the right shoulder by means of a buckle (_fibula_), whereas the _paenula_ was what is called a _vestimentum clausam_ with an opening for the head. (Mart. XIV, 132, 133.) See Becker’s _Gallus_, vol. II, p. 95, etc. [341] IMPLUVIUM. The cistern, in the floor of the atrium, intended to receive rain-water. [342] A BRAZIER FULL OF BURNING CHARCOAL. In ancient Rome, heat was usually supplied by means of movable stoves and iron braziers. Chimneys were also known. [343] FEAST OF SATURN. The so-called Saturnalia. See note, 292, Vol. I. [344] WHEN I STRUCK ALLOBROGUS IN THE FACE. This, according to Roman views, was a mild punishment for such an offence. It sometimes happened in such cases, that slaves were instantly condemned by their angry masters “to the _muraenae_,” that is, to be thrown into the fish-ponds for food for the _muraenae_. [345] PONS MILVIUS. Now Ponte Molle. [346] THE CAELIAN HILL. (_Mons Caelius_) south and south-east of the Coliseum. [347] THE VIA LATINA branched off to the left, on entering the Via Appia, from the north. [348] TOMB OF THE SCIPIOS. Portions of this tomb, (discovered in the Vigna Sassi in the year 1780,) still exist at the present day. Here lay buried: among others: L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, Consul 298 B.C.; his son. Consul 259 B.C., the poet Ennius etc. The tomb was originally above the ground. [349] ARCH OF DRUSUS. This monument, still extant, was erected in 8 B.C. to Claudius DRUSUS Germanicus. [350] THE TOMBS THAT STOOD BY THE ROAD-SIDE. Abundant traces of these tombs on the Via Appia still exist. [351] ALMO. The little river still bears this name; it rises at Bovillae; mentioned by Ovid. (_Fast._ IV, 337-340.) [352] WE SWEAR TO EACH OTHER BY THE MEMORY OF THE CRUCIFIED. See Plin. _Ep._ X, 97, where in a report about the deeds of the Christians, he says: “But they assert that their guilt or error consisted in meeting before dawn on a certain day, singing hymns in honor of Christ as a god, and binding themselves by a vow, not to commit a crime, but to neither steal, commit adultery, break their promise, nor deny the possession of accumulated property; after which they usually dispersed, only meeting again at an innocent meal, shared by all without distinction of persons.” CHAPTER XX.