Race Distinctions in American LawStephenson, Gilbert Thomas
History
Race Distinctions in American Law
Stephenson, Gilbert Thomas
African Americans -- Politics and government; Law -- United States -- History; United States -- Race relations
In 1877, the Indiana law of 1869 was amended[437] so that the school
directors _might_ (not _must_) organize separate schools for the races.
In case a colored school was not provided, the colored children should
be allowed to attend the regular white school. When the colored child
had reached a grade higher than that taught in the colored school, he
must be admitted to the regular high school, and no distinction therein
should be made on account of race or color. In 1882, there were only
about six Negro children in a certain district, and the trustees were
indicted for not establishing a separate school for them. The court[438]
ruled that it was impracticable to maintain a separate school for so
small a number. In 1883, a Negro pupil brought suit on the ground that
he was not admitted to the white high school, under the law of 1877, but
he did not show that he had passed the required examination. The
court[439] held that the discretion as to the competency of the child is
a matter for the board of education, not the court.
The laws of Iowa have not since 1865 required or permitted a separation
of the races in schools. In 1868, a Negro girl, denied admission to the
graded schools of Muscatine, brought suit, and the court[440] gave
relief, saying that the school directors could not require Negroes to
attend separate schools; that if separate schools for Negroes are
prescribed, the same might as well be done for German, Irish, and French
children. The same principle has been affirmed in subsequent decisions
which show that there have been instances in that State of school boards
trying to separate the races.[441]
By the statutes[442] of Kansas of 1868 the boards of education of cities
of the first class—that is, cities of over 150,000 inhabitants—had the
“power to organize and maintain separate schools for the education of
white and colored children.” This power was omitted in a revision of the
school law[443] in 1876, and consequently repealed by implication. But
in 1879 a statute[444] was passed amending the school law, which revived
the power to separate the races in cities of the first class “except in
the high school, where no discrimination shall be made on account of
color.” The constitutionality of this statute was upheld by the Supreme
Court[445] of Kansas in 1903, and again in 1909. The State has not given
this power of separation to cities of the second class, so the
courts[446] have held that, except in cities of the first class, the
colored children must be admitted to the schools along with the white
children. The Superintendent of Public Schools of Kansas,[447] in
August, 1906, said: “There is a movement in Kansas looking toward the
segregation of the races in the public schools, where the per cent. of
colored population will warrant the separation.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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