SEPARATION OF PASSENGERS IN RAILROAD CARS With the exception of the transient “Jim Crow” laws of Mississippi, Florida, and Texas of 1865–67, the first State to adopt a comprehensive law separating the white and colored passengers on railroad cars was Tennessee[544] which did so in 1881. The statute of that State stood alone until 1887, when a series of “Jim Crow” laws were enacted by the States in the following order: Florida,[545] 1887; Mississippi,[546] 1888; Texas,[547] 1889; Louisiana,[548] 1890; Alabama,[549] Kentucky,[550] Arkansas,[551] and Georgia,[552] 1891. For some years thereafter the subject remained untouched by the legislatures, save an amending statute now and then; but in 1898–99, the other Southern States began to fall into line: South Carolina,[553] 1898; North Carolina,[554] 1899; Virginia,[555] 1900; Maryland,[556] 1904; Oklahoma,[557] 1907. It appears that Missouri is the only Southern State which has not separated the races in railroad cars. The details of the “Jim Crow” laws as to railroads are very nearly the same in all the Southern States. They require white persons, on the one hand, and “Negroes,” “persons of color,” “persons of African descent,” etc., on the other, to occupy separate seats, compartments, or coaches. The legal meaning of the above-mentioned phrases has already been considered. It is safe to say, as the Arkansas statute does declare, that, if one has a visible and distinct admixture of African blood, he must accept the accommodations furnished colored passengers. _Interstate and Intrastate Travel_