4. The wording of this sentence is unfortunate, and it is not easy to understand why the author mentioned Bhopâl. The principality of Bhopâl was formed by Dost Mohammed Khân, an Afghân officer of Aurangzêb, who became independent a few years after that sovereign's death in 1707. Since that time the dynasty has always continued to be Muhammadan. The services of Sikandar Bêgam in the Mutiny are well known. Mâlwa is the country lying between Bundêlkhand, on the east, and Râjputâna, on the west, and includes Bhopâl. Most of the states in this region are now ruled by Hindoos, but the local dynasty which ruled the kingdom of Mâlwa and Mândû from A.D. 1401 to 1531 was Musalmân. (See Thomas, _Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Dehli_, pp. 346-53.) 5. All near relatives succeed to a Muhammadan's estate, which is divided, under complicated rules, into the necessary number of shares. A son's share is double that of a daughter. As between themselves all sons share equally. 6. Bernier's _Revolutions of the Mogul Empire_. [W. H. S.] The author seems to have used either the London edition of 1671, entitled _The History of the Late Revolution of the Empire of the Great Mogul_, or one of the reprints of that edition. The anecdote referred to is called by Bernier 'an uncommonly good story'. Aurangzêb made a long speech, ending by dismissing the unlucky pedagogue with the words: 'Go! withdraw to thy native village. Henceforth let no man know either who thou art, or what is become of thee.' (Bernier, _Travels in the Mogul Empire_, pp. 154-161, ed. Constable and V. A, Smith, 1914.) Manucci repeats the story with slight variations (_Storie da Mogor_, vol. ii, pp. 29-33). 7. Compare the forcible description of the state of the Delhi royal family in Chapter 76, _post_. The old emperor's pension was one hundred thousand rupees a month. The events of the Mutiny effected a considerable clearance, though the number of persons claiming relationship with the royal house is still large. A few of these have taken service under the British Government, but have not distinguished themselves. 8. The author, unfortunately, does not give the dimensions of this piece. Rûmî Khân's gun at Bîjâpur, which was cast in the sixteenth century at Ahmadnagar, is generally considered the largest ancient cannon in India. It is fifteen feet long, and weighs about forty-one tons, the calibre being two feet four inches. Like the gun at Datiyâ, it is painted with red lead, and is worshipped by Hindoos, who are always ready to worship every manifestation of power. Another big gun at Bîjâpur is thirty feet in length, built up of bars bound together. Other very large pieces exist at Gâwîlgarh in Berâr, and Bîdar in the Nîzam's dominions. (Balfour, _Cyclopaedia_, 3rd ed., s.v. Gun, Bîjâpur, Gawilgarh Hill Range, and Beder.)