14. This mosque is the Jâmi', or cathedral, mosque 'situated at the eastern foot of the fortress, near the Âlamgîrî Darwâza (gate). It is a neat and favourable specimen of the later Moghal architecture. Its beauty, however, is partly due to the fine light-coloured sandstone of which it is built. This at once attracted the notice of Sir Wm. Sleeman, who, &c.' (_A.S.R._, vol. ii, p. 370). This mosque is in the old city, described as 'a crowded mass of small flat-roofed stone houses' (ibid. p. 330). 15. The Geological Survey recognizes a special group of 'transition' rocks between the metamorphic and the Vindhyan series under the name of the Gwâlior area. 'The Gwâlior area is . . . only fifty miles long from east to west, and about fifteen miles wide. It takes its name from the city of Gwâlior, which stands upon it, surrounding the famous fort built upon a scarped outlier of Vindhyan sandstone, which rests upon a base of massive bedded trap belonging to the transition period' (_Manual of Geology of India_, 1st ed., Part l, p. 56). The writers of the manual do not notice the basaltic cap of the fort hill described by the author, and at p. 300 use language which implies that the hill is outside the limits of the Deccan trap. But the author's observations seem sufficiently precise to warrant the conclusion that he was right in believing the basaltic cap of the Gwâlior hill to be an outlying fragment of the vast Deccan trap sheet. The relation between laterite and lithomarge is discussed in p. 353 of the _Manual_, and the occurrence of laterite caps on the highest ground of the country, at two places-near Gwâlior, 'outside of the trap area', is noticed (ibid. p. 356). These two places are at Râipur hill, and on the Kaimûr sandstone, about two miles to the north-west. No doubt these two hills are outliers of the Central India spread of laterite, which has been traced as far as Siprî, about sixty miles south of the Râipur hill (Hacket, _Geology of Gwâlior and Vicinity_, in _Records of Geol. Survey of India_, vol. iii, p. 41). The geology of Gwâlior is also discussed in Mallet's paper entitled 'Sketch of the Geology of Scindia's Territories' (_Records_, vol. viii, p. 55). Neither writer refers to the basaltic cap of Gwâlior fort hill. For the refutation of the author's theory of the subaqueous origin of the Deccan trap see notes Chapters 14, note 13, and Chapter 17, note 3 _ante_. 16. In the reign of Muizz-ud-dîn, Muhammad bin Sâm, also known by the names of Shibâb-ud-din, and Muhammad Ghorî. He struck billon coins at the Gwâlior mint. the correct date is A.D. 1196. The Hîjrî year 592 began on the 6th Dec., A.D. 1195.