23. James Bruce, 'the celebrated traveller', was Consul at Algiers. He explored Tripoli, Tunis, Syria, and Egypt, and travelled in Abyssinia from November 1769 to December 1771. He returned to Egypt by the Nile, arriving at Cairo in January 1773. His travels were published in 1790. He died in 1794. 24. The Sindhia family of Gwâlior was founded by Rânojî Sindhia, a man of humble origin, in the service of the Peshwâ. Rânojî died about A.D. 1750, and was succeeded by one of his natural sons, Mâhâdajî (corruptly Mahdaju, &c.) Sindhia, whose turbulent and chequered career lasted till 1794, when he was succeeded by his grand-nephew, Daulat Râo. The Marâthâ power under Daulat Râo was broken in 1803, by Sir Arthur Wellesley at Assaye and Argaum, and by Lord Lake at Laswârî. Mâhâdajî's career is treated fully by Grant Duff, _A History of the Mahrattas_ (1826 and reprint). Mr. H. G. Keene in his little book (_Rulers of India_, Oxford, 1892) erroneously gives the chiefs name as 'Mâdhava Rao'. The anthor's 'Mâdhojî' also is wrong. 25. It is impossible within the limits of a note to give an account of the extraordinary career of General De Boigne. His Indian adventures began in 1778, and terminated in September 1796, when he retired from Sindhia's service, and sold his private regiment of Persian cavalry, six hundred strong, to Lord Cornwallis, on behalf of the East India Company, for three lakhs of rupees (about £30,000). He settled in his native town, Chambéri in Savoy, and lived, in the enjoyment of his great wealth, and of high honours conferred by the sovereigns of France and Italy, until 21st June, 1830. He was created a Count, and was succeeded in the title by his son. See G. M. Raymond, _Mémoire sur la Carrière Militaire et Politique de M. le Général Comte de Boigne, 2ième_ ed., Chambéry, 1830. Nine chapters of Mr. Herbert Compton's book, _A Particular Account of European Military Adventurers of Hindustan_ (London, 1892), are devoted to De Boigne. 26. The cession of Gohad to Sindhia, sanctioned in the year 1805, during the brief and inglorious second term of office of Lord Cornwallis, was effected by Sir George Barlow. The transaction is severely censured by Thornton (_History_, p. 343) as a breach of faith. Gwâlior was given up to Sindhia along with Gohad. In January 1844, shortly after the battle of Maharâjpur, Gwâlior was again occupied by the forces of the Company, and the fortress (save for the Mutiny period) continued in British occupation until the 2nd December 1885, when Lord Dufferin restored it to Sindhia in exchange for Jhânsî. In June 1857 the Gwâlior soldiery mutinied and massacred the Europeans, but the Maharâjâ remained throughout loyal to the English Government. Sir Hugh Rose recaptured the place by assault on the 28th June 1858. In the changed circumstances of the country, and with regard to the modern developments of the art of war, the Gwâlior fortress is now of slight military value.