We crossed the Hiran river[18] about ten miles from our last ground on the 22nd,[19] and came on two miles to our tents in a mango grove close to the town of Katangî,[20] and under the Vindhya range of sandstone hills, which rise almost perpendicular to the height of some eight hundred feet over the town. This range from Katangî skirts the Nerbudda valley to the north, as the Sâtpura range skirts it to the south; and both are of the same sandstone formation capped with basalt upon which here and there are found masses of laterite, or iron clay. Nothing has ever yet been found reposing upon this iron clay.[21] The strata of this range have a gentle and almost imperceptible dip to the north, at right angles to its face which overlooks the valley, and this face has everywhere the appearance of a range of gigantic round bastions projecting into what was perhaps a lake, and is now a well-peopled, well-cultivated, and very happy valley, about twenty miles wide. The river crosses and recrosses it diagonally. Near Jubbulpore it flows along for some distance close under the Sâtpura range to the south; and crossing over the valley from Bheraghât, it reaches the Vindhya range to the north, at the point where it reaches the Hiran river, forty miles below. Notes: 1. This is a slip, probably due to the printer's reader. There are no chimney-sweepers in India. The word should be 'sweepers'. The members of this caste and a few other degraded communities, such as the Doms, do all the sweeping, scavenging, and conservancy work in India. 'Washerwomen' is another slip: read 'Washermen'. 2. The 'under-woman', or 'second ayah', was a member of the sweeper caste. 3. The title Mîr Sâhib implies that Salâmat Alî was a Sayyid, claiming descent from Alî, the cousin, son-in-law, and pupil of Muhammad, who became Khalîf in A.D. 656. 4. The sweeper castes stand outside the Hindoo pale, and often incline to Muhammadan practices. They worship a special form of the Deity, under the names of Lâl Beg, Lâl Guru, &c. 5. No _avatâr_ or incarnation of Brahma is known to most Hindoos, and incarnations of Siva are rarely mentioned. The only _avatârs_ ordinarily recognized are those of Vishnu, as enumerated ante. Chapter 2, note 4. 6. This theory is a very inadequate explanation of the doctrine of _avatârs_. 7. 'Women . . . are most careful to preserve their hair intact. They pride themselves on its length and weight. For a woman to have to part with her hair is one of the greatest of degradations, and the most terrible of all trials. It is the mark of widowhood. Yet in some sacred places, especially at the confluence of rivers, the cutting off and offering of a few locks of hair (_Venî-dânam_) by a virtuous wife is considered a highly meritorious act' (Monier Williams, _Religious Thought and Life in India_, p, 375). Gayâ in Bihâr, fifty- five miles south of Patna, is much frequented by pilgrims devoted to Vishnu.