S. PIETRO IN MONTORIO, which commands a magnificent view of Rome, its surroundings, and the windings of the Tiber. The church was erected by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and is still under the protection of the crowned head of Spain. In the court of the monastery is a small temple formed of sixteen Doric columns, said to be erected over the spot where the cross on which S. Peter was executed stood. Raphael's Transfiguration was painted for this church, whence it was taken by the French to adorn the Louvre. On its restoration to the Papal authorities it was placed in the Vatican. The tomb of Beatrice Cenci is to our left of the high altar, but no name is recorded on the stone. The new Spanish Academy adjoins the church. MARTIAL'S VILLA. The Government has recently acquired and thrown open to the public these grounds, known as the Corsini Villa, which for its view is one of the most charming sites in Europe, formerly the villa of Julius Martialis described by his nephew ("Ep." iv. 64):-- "The few acres of Julius Martial, More blest than the Hesperides' gardens, Lie on the long ridge of the Janiculum. * * * * * It is possible hence to see the seven ruling mounts,[8] And to estimate all Rome,-- The Alban hills, and those of Tusculum; And whatsoever cool shade lies under the city; Old Fidenæ,[9] and little Ruba;[10] And, that which delights in virgins' blood, The apple-bearing grove of Anna Perenna.[11] From thence, on the Flaminian and Salarian ways,[12] The rider is manifest, his chariot-wheels being silent, Whose gentle sleep may not be molested, Neither to break it by nautical shouts, Nor the clamour of the vigorous bargee, Although the Mulvian bridge[13] may be so near, And keels glide swiftly on the Sacred Tiber." THE JANICULUM. The long narrow ridge which commands Rome on its western side took its name from Janus (Virgil, "Æn." vii. 358), but, although fortified by Ancus Martius, was not reckoned in the city. It was sometimes called Mons Aureus, from the golden colour of its sandy soil. From the fort on the summit a flag flying denoted that all was well; but if the flag was hauled down, the enemy were in view. It was this fort that Lars Porsena seized when Horatius defended the bridge below. [Illustration: THE PAULINE FOUNTAIN.] _Above the church of S. Pietro in Montorio is_ THE PAULINE FOUNTAIN, (_Fontana Paolina_,) supplied by the ancient Aqua Trajana, which has its source in the Lago di Bracciano, thirty-five miles from Rome. The fountain was built out of the remains of the Temple of Minerva which stood in the Forum of Domitian. _The road through the_ PORTA S. PANCRAZIO _leads to the_ VILLA PAMPHILI DORIA. _Open on Monday and Friday afternoons; one-horse carriages not admitted._