THE PORTA CAPENA -- THE VALLEY OF THE MUSES -- BATHS OF CARACALLA -- S. BALBINA -- SS. NEREO AND ACHILLEO, SISTO, CESAREO -- VIA LATINA -- S. JOHN'S AND THE LATIN GATE -- COLUMBARIA OF HYLAS AND VITALINE -- TOMBS OF THE SCIPIOS AND CORNELIUS TACITUS -- THE COLUMBARIA OF THE HOUSEHOLD OF CÆSAR -- ARCH OF DRUSUS -- PORTA APPIA -- TOMBS OF GETA AND PRISCILLA -- CHURCH OF DOMINE QUO VADIS -- TOMB OF ANNIA REGILLA -- CATACOMBS OF S. CALIXTUS AND HEBREWS -- TEMPLE OF CERES AND FAUSTINA -- VILLA OF HERODES ATTICUS -- CATACOMBS OF DOMITILLA, SS. NEREUS AND ACHILLEUS -- BASILICA OF PETRONILLA -- CHURCH AND CATACOMBS OF S. SEBASTIANO -- TOMB OF ROMULUS -- CIRCUS OF MAXENTIUS -- TOMB OF CECILIA METELLA -- TOMBS, TEMPLES, AND VILLAS ON THE VIA APPIA -- THE THREE TAVERNS -- APPII FORUM. THE APPIAN WAY.[17] "The Queen of Roads."--_Statius._ The Appian Way was the great southern road from Rome. It led through Capua to Brundusium, which then as now was the port for the East. It was first made as a regular roadway in B.C. 312. "The censorship of Appius Claudius and Caius Plautius for this year (A.U.C. 441) was remarkable; but the name of Appius has been handed down with more celebrity to posterity on account of his having made the road, called after him the Appian" (Livy, ix. 28). But a road existed here before this, for at least part of the way, evidently to Capua (A.U.C. 414). "They came in hostile array to the eighth stone on the road which is now the Appian" (Livy, vii. 39). Statius gives some particulars as to how it was made. "First they cut two parallel furrows to indicate the width of the road, and then they cut down between those until they came to the hard bottom, and then began the levelling. As the construction proceeded, the road assumed a slightly convex shape. The middle or top was called the _dorsum_, or back-bone of the way; or, as it is called in Virgil, "in aggere viæ." Roads that were left in the rough material were said to be _munitæ_, but when covered with cut polygonal blocks they were called _stratæ viæ_."