founded by the kings of Alba, and taken by the Romans, under Tarquin, through the artifice of his son Sextus. It was deserted in the time of the republic, but recovered under the empire, to fall once more before the time of Constantine. At the end of the ridge are remains of the Roman Municipium and Temple of Juno of the time of Hadrian. The buildings of CASTIGLIONE occupy the site of the ancient city. The principal ruin is the TEMPLE OF JUNO GABINA. Virgil tells us "it was situated amidst rugged rocks, on the banks of the cold Anienes." The cella is composed of blocks of stone four feet by two feet; the interior is 50 feet long; the pavement is of white mosaic. _Close by are_ the ruins of the THEATRE, and some Ionic columns. Considerable remains of the ancient walls can be traced. The fresh, green basin below the ridge was once a lake, and was drained about twenty-five years since by Prince Borghese. It is curious that there is no mention of the lake by classical authors. It is first mentioned in reference to the martyrdom of S. Primitivus, who was beheaded at Gabii, and whose head was thrown into the lake. This was in the fifth century. Perhaps the lake did not exist in Tarquin's time, and was formed by some freak of nature after the desertion of the city. _Returning to Rome by the Via Gabina, after passing the stream Osa_, about two miles, we come to a fine Roman viaduct, PONTE DI NONA, consisting of seven lofty arches, built of rectangular blocks of _lapis gabinus_ of the time of the kings. At the eighth mile is the medieval TOR TRE TESTE, so called from the three heads built in its walls. Here Camillus overtook the Gauls (Livy, v. 49). _About two and a half miles from Rome, at the_ Tor dei Schiavi, are extensive ruins of the VILLA OF THE GORDIAN EMPERORS, consisting of a large reservoir, the circular hall of the baths, and a circular temple, 43 feet in diameter, called Apollo. The inside is relieved by alternate round and square niches; the crypt beneath is supported by one pier. _Between this and_ Tor dei Schiavi, three rooms at the base of a circular edifice have been opened; the floors are composed of black and white mosaic. _On the right, about a mile further on_, is the circular tomb, 50 yards in diameter, of QUINTUS ATTA, the comic poet (B.C. 55); the interior is in the form of a Greek cross. * * * * * PORTA S. GIOVANNI. (_Mr. Forbes's carriage excursion-lecture at frequent intervals._) FIRST EXCURSION. VIA APPIA NOVA. This road was made in the time of the Antonines, to relieve the traffic on the Via Appia, and was called simply a New Way. Several tombs of the time of the Antonines line it, but none of earlier date. At the right of the gate is the ancient Porta Asinara, the best preserved of the brick gates. At the second mile the road is crossed by the VIA LATINA, _turning up which, on the left, we can visit_ THE PAINTED TOMBS.