55 The Gallo-Roman dialects are divided into two groups, the dialects of the langue d'oc (southern) and those of the langue d'oil (northern). It was Dante who introduced this somewhat irrational distinction based upon the different ways of saying "yes," that is, <I>oc</I> and <I>oil</I> (Latin, <I>hoc</I> and <I>ille</I>). 56 In the middle of the eleventh century, it must be added, differences between neighboring dialects were not yet very pronounced. 57 James Darmesteter, Introduction to the <I>Reliques scientifiques,</I> of his brother Arsene Darmesteter (Paris, 1890), vol. I, p. XVIII. 58 Eliezer ben Nathan, of Mayence (about 1145), correspondent of Meir and of his sons Samuel and Jacob, author of the work <I>Eben ha-Ezer,</I> whence the passage quoted has been taken (Pp.107, p.36a). 59 The Persian word <I>Parshandata,</I> name of one of the sons of Haman, was divided into <I>Parshan</I> and <I>data,</I> "expounder of the Law." This epithet is applied to Rashi in the poem attributed to Ibn Ezra, cited in chap. XI, p.207. 60 Rashi seems also to have known about the Targum of the Pseudo-Jonathan upon the Pentateuch. See Note 72. 61 Concerning the development of Biblical studies in general, among Jews as well as Christians, see pp.127 <I>et seq.</I> 62 L. Wogue, <I>Histoire de la Bible et de l'exegese biblique,</I> p.250. 63 See p.38. This Midrash is taken from the Tanhuma. 64 Psalms cxi. 6. Rashi cites the Biblical verses themselves, often only in part; but he did not know the division of the Bible into chapters and verses, which was made at a later day and was of Christian origin. Sometimes Rashi cites a verse by indicating the weekly lesson in which it occurs, or by giving the paragraph a title drawn from its contents, or from the name of the hero of the narrative. 65 Proverbs viii. 22. 66 Jeremiah ii. 3. 67 The rule, however, has exceptions. Even according to Rashi's opinion, the word is in the absolute in Dent. xxxiii. 21 and Is. xlvi. 10. It is true that strictly speaking one might say the exceptions are only apparent. 68 "We will praise and we will celebrate." 69 For the meaning of this expression, see p.107. The source here is still the Talmudic treatise Sanhedrin 91b. 70 Rashi here cites Is. xiv. 25, inaccurately. 71 Here Rashi might have cited also I Kings xii. 17. 72 This interpretation, taken without doubt from Pseudo-Jonathan (see Note 60), explains the demonstrative pronoun. What follows is taken from the Mekilta (see Note 38). 73 In fact the Targum translates it, "I will build Him a temple." 74 Still according to the Mekilta. The Song of Songs is often applied by Jewish exegetes to the events of the Exodus from Egypt.