those who figure only in the Gemara, Amoraim. 95 See Appendix II, pp.232-4. 96 See p.91. 97 Hananel ben Hushiel, of Kairnan, first half of the eleventh century, commented upon the Talmud and the Pentateuch. 98 This false notion gained currency through the existence of Responsa addressed by Nathan to a certain Solomon ben Isaac: but this Solomon is an Italian. See Vogelstein and Rieger, <I>Geschichte der Juden in Rom,</I> I, pp.366 <I>et seq.</I> For further Information concerning Nathan ben Jehiel, see Note 121. With regard to recurring names for different individuals - the plague of Jewish literature - it should be said that a French rabbi named Solomon ben Isaac lived about a century after Rashi, who corresponded with R. Tam. He has been confounded with his illustrious predecessor of the same name. See Gross, <I>Gallia judaica,</I> p.34. Buber, Introduction to the <I>Sefer ha-Orah,</I> p.13. 99 See Notes 37 and 38. 100 Another name for the Sadduceans, from their chief Boethus (first century of the Common Era) 101 Psalm lxxxi. 5, which refers to the new moon. Now, in every case at least two witnesses are necessary. 102 Lev. xxiii. 40. 103 Ex. xv. 2. 104 "And shalt burn with fire the city" (Deut. xiii. 16). 105 Sukkah 32b. These references placed In parentheses in Rashi's commentary are the work of the printers, who adopted the conventional division into folios. Rashi refers only to the treatise or chapter, at most simply saying "above," or "below." 106 It is the Latin "scopac." 107 Mal. i. 13. 108 Lev. i. 2. 109 Is. lxi. 8. 110 A city of Judea, called also Tower of Simon. 111 Fifth chapter of Hullin, 79a. 112 The French toile, curtain. 113 Concerning Hananel, see Note 97. R. Isaac b. Jacob alFasi (the initials form Rif) was born in 1013 near Fez, whence his name. In 1088 he went to Spain, where he directed the important school of Lucena. He died in 1103, lamented by all his fellow-citizens. Besides Responsa, he left the "Halakot," or "Little Talmud," which Is a pruning down of the entire Talmud, so as to present only what is useful for establishing the norm, deduced by Alfasi himself. It is an important work, which still enjoys great authority. I have already remarked (Note 53) that the Rashi commentary was abridged to make it fit the text of Rif. 114 In these words Rashi displaces another lesson. 115 Parasang is a Persian measure equivalent to 5250 metres [meters sic], a fact of which Rashi seems to have been ignorant. 116 According to Hagigah 13a. 117 In the first case it refers to Ahriman, the spirit of evil, in the second, to Ormuzd, the spirit of good among the Persians. Lillit in Oriental mythology is a female demon, who wanders at night and attacks chiefly children.