[Footnote 61: Dante, _Quaestio de Aqua et Terra_, tr. A.C. White, pp. VII-IX.] [Footnote 62: Document printed by Rashdall, II, Pt. II, pp. 742-3.] [Footnote 63: Rashdall, I, p. 226.] [Footnote 64: Malagola, _Statuti_, etc., p. 116.] [Footnote 65: _Acta Nationis Germanicae_, pp. 4, 8.] [Footnote 66: Malagola, _Statuti_, etc., p. 116.] [Footnote 67: Document printed by Rashdall, II, Pt. II, p. 734.] [Footnote 68: Rashdall, I, p. 229.] [Footnote 69: Document printed by Rashdall, Vol. II, Pt. II, p. 766.] V REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREES IN ARTS In general, the candidate for the A.B. degree must have taken part as "respondent" or "opponent" (see p. 115) in a prescribed number of disputations, and must have "heard" the lectures on certain prescribed books before taking his examination for the degree. (This examination seems, in some cases, to have been little more than a certification by a committee of Masters that the student had fulfilled the foregoing requirements.) The candidate for the degree of A.M. must have completed further prescribed books and disputations, and must have "read," i.e., lectured upon, some book or books which he had previously "heard," before taking his examination for the License (to teach everywhere). No general statement can be given as to the required number of disputations; the practice differed at various times and places. The Statutes of Leipzig required during the fifteenth century six "ordinary" and six "extraordinary" responses from the prospective Bachelor. The prospective Master was required to declare that he had been present at thirty ordinary Bachelors' disputations, and had argued in each one "if he had been able to get the opportunity to argue." The candidate for the License at Paris, in 1366, must have attended disputations throughout one "grand Ordinary," and must have "responded" twice. At Oxford the youth must have taken part in disputations for a year as "general sophister," and must have "responded" at least once, before taking the A.B. or before "Determination," which was the equivalent of the A.B. Prospective masters must have responded at least twice.[70] The following lists of prescribed books give a good idea of mediaeval requirements (aside from disputations) for the degrees of A.B. and A.M., at various times and places. The reader will note at once the predominance of Aristotle, and the variations in requirements for the degrees. Many similar lists might be cited from the records of other universities; but they would give little additional information as regards the degrees in Arts. 1. List of Books Prescribed for the Degrees of A.B. and A.M. at Paris, 1254. The following list from the Statutes of 1254 does not separate the books into the groups required for each degree, but indicates the total requirement for both.