M. DE BRUYN KOPS would not enter into all particulars, the matter having been treated at length in the sundry documents relating to it; but he would restrict himself to a refutation of M. Heemskerk’s arguments. He is in a position to place himself on a very simple point of view. The law of 1817 is generally disliked, in principle as well as in its details. It has been admitted that it does not give the inventor any guarantee, and this on the ground of the issue of some law-suits which have sprung up from it. So Patents, far from giving a security, hinder the general public and impede industry. It is a fact worthy of notice, that the leading industrial organs, such as the Chambers of Commerce and Factories, the Industrial Society, the Union for Promoting Mechanical and Manual Industry, and the Nederlandsche Industrieel, unanimously have declared against Patents; so have a score of industrials. Are these not facts worth more than a few considerations about a right to special protection? Add to this the circumstance that in those countries where Patents do exist difficulties are gradually increasing; as, first of all, the question arises, whether the invention is really a new one; and to ascertain this is very often a most arduous task. Then, again, Patents are being asked for mere trifles. Within a short period, 126 Patents for improving bicycles have been taken out in England. It thus becomes necessary to make a minute inquiry into the usefulness of the matter. This has been the cause that in France they have gone to the other extreme—granting Patents “without guarantee by Government.” Patents are not consequent upon the recognition of man’s, or inventors’, rights; they are the remainders of the guild system, and of protection to national industry in exclusion of foreign. It cannot be a question of right of property, for, if such were the case, Patents would not be granted for a fixed term of years. If invention means right of property, why, then, that arbitrary restriction? Originally the idea may have been a good one, but in the sequel it has proved a failure. There are examples of different persons having made the same invention without having any knowledge of each other. It is consequently becoming almost a matter of impossibility to ascertain priority. The hon. member says that all endeavours to bring about a practical result out of an originally elevated idea have utterly failed; that the guarantee of the right is, as has been proved by means of the report in England, at best uncertain and unsatisfactory; and that when the project shall have been made law, he will rejoice at his country having been foremost in leaving the wrong track. SESSION OF TUESDAY, 22ND JUNE. The President reads an address from the Board of Directors of the Union to Promote Mechanical and Manual Industry, of Rotterdam, in which they support the project now pending before the House. The discussion on the subject is continued.