OBEDIENT, "subdued to reason as his _obedient_" (N55,_d_), one subject to authority, a subordinate: an earlier instance of the substantive use of _obedient_ than that recorded in the _O.E.D._ by a century and a quarter. OBSTINANT, "if he be _obstinant_" (IP346,_b_), obstinate: the _O.E.D._ records the word as a substantive, earmarking it "rare," and giving a single quotation only, but the adjectival form is absent. OCCUPY, "a merchant's place to _occupy_" (IP339,_b_), formerly _occupy_ was almost as hard-worked a verb as the modern American _fix_. Amongst other senses it meant, take possession, seize, enter upon, hold, have in possession, enjoy, reside in, tenant, stay, abide, employ, busy about, engage, make use of, etc. ODIBLE, "as carene is _odible_" (M32,_d_)--"dispectuous and _odible_" (M33,_b_), hateful, odious. "His face was so hatefull and so _odyble_."--Lydgate, _Chron._ _Troy_ (1412-20), III. xxiv. OLD BOY, "play ever ... _the old boy_" (N75,_b_), as one who has become skilled, clever, knowing through practice and experience; foreshadowing the slang usage: cf. "olde souldier, _veteranus_" (Huloet., 1552). OM (_passim_), them--'em. ONT (_passim_), on it--on[i]t. OPRAY, OPRY, "_opray_ counsel" (N71,_c_)--"such _opry_" (N71,_c_), not in _O.E.D._:? = _operary_, practical. ORGANS, "Piers Pickpurse playeth at _organs_" (R240,_a_), _i.e._ as if fingering an organ: formerly organs (pl.) denoted a single instrument. OSCULARE, "_osculare fundamentum_" (M8,_c_), the modern vulgar jeer wrapped up in Latin. OTHER (_passim_), either. OVERBLISS, "he may _overbliss_ it" (M17,_c_), overbless: Nought sarcastically says that Mankind may treat his land too well by using it as a jakes. OWETH, "he _oweth_ to be magnified" (M3,_b_), ought. "Forgotten was no thing That _owe_ be done."--_Chaucer's_ _Dreme_ (_c._ 1500), 1405. OWL-FLIGHT, "in the _owl-flight_" (M25,_d_), when owls go abroad, dusk; here under cover of night. "He ran away by nyght In the _owle flyght_ Lyke a cowarde Knyght."--Skelton, _Dk. Albany_ (_c._ 1529), 312. OYEZ (_passim_). "Hear ye": a call (usually three times given) to command silence and attention. PAINFUL, "_painful_ ministers" (R234,_b_), "Young, _painful_, tractable" (WS137,_d_), careful, diligent, painstaking: cf. _careful_ = full of care; _hateful_ = full of hate, etc. "Vertuous sermons and _painefull_ preaching."--Stapleton, tr. _Bede's Hist. Ch. Eng._ (1565), 79. PALE, "four kine to my _pale_" (R229,_a_), an enclosed space, limit: here = holding. PARDON, "forty days of _pardon_" (M8,_c_), an indulgence, a papal warrant of forgiveness of "faults": see other volumes of this series. PARIS GATES (N67,_a_),? the entrance to Paris Garden; see Halliwell and Nares.