Afghan Wars; Crimean War, 1853-1856; Egypt -- History -- British occupation, 1882-1936; India -- History -- Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-1858
Another important measure introduced during the administration of the
late Lord Cardwell was that of localisation. In the old days, when
the infantry regiments were scattered all over the world, and for the
most part consisted of single battalions, it had been the custom, on
their proceeding abroad, to leave behind a small depot, which was
constantly moved about in the United Kingdom and obtained recruits
as best it could, without regard to local ties or associations; so
that, although many of the older regiments bore county titles, which
had been given them so long ago as 1782 by King George the Third, in
reality men of the various counties and nationalities served together
indiscriminately. Field Marshal Conway, who was Commander-in-Chief at
the time in question, specially stated that the object of the King was
'to create a mutual attachment between the county and the regiment,
which may at all times be useful towards recruiting.'
The scheme, however, for all practical purposes had no force or reality
until 1871. Lord Cardwell first of all established fixed depots in
the counties, each representing two battalions; and thus not only
engendered local ties, but also brought the regular army into permanent
association with the militia and volunteers. In his speech in the House
of Commons in February 1871 he emphasised the desirability of combining
our military institutions. He said: 'There is the standing army, with
its historical association and glorious memories, and having a larger
amount of foreign service than any other army in the world; there
is the militia, whose theory is conscription, but whose practice is
voluntary enlistment; and then there are the volunteers, who have most
of the attributes of military life, and all the independence of the
most perfect civil freedom. To combine these different institutions in
one complete whole is, as I believe, the desire of the House of Commons
and of the English nation.' He quoted Mr. Pitt, who in 1803 spoke
as follows: 'I am of opinion that to a regular army alone, however
superior, however excellent, we ought not solely to trust; but that in
a moment so eventful we ought to super-add to the regular army some
permanent system of national defence.... The army must be the rallying
point; the army must furnish example, must furnish instruction, must
give us the principles on which that national system of defence must
be formed; and by which the voluntary forces of this country, though in
a military view inferior to a regular army, would, fighting on their
own soil, for everything dear to individuals and important to a State,
be invincible.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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