Afghan Wars; Crimean War, 1853-1856; Egypt -- History -- British occupation, 1882-1936; India -- History -- Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-1858
During the month of March strenuous efforts were made by the allies to
prepare for a second bombardment, and, fresh armaments having arrived,
it was decided to re-open with nearly 500 guns on April 9. It was,
however, at this period that considerable hesitation and conflicting
opinions became more or less evident at French Head Quarters. It was
understood that the Emperor of the French would shortly arrive and take
the command, and De Bazancourt, in his history of the campaign, states
that General Canrobert received secret instructions which tied his
hands. Their general scope was that the siege should be turned into a
blockade, and a campaign undertaken in the interior of the Crimea.[19]
The French army had about this time received large reinforcements, and
was divided into two corps, one under Bosquet on the extreme right, the
other under General Pélissier (who arrived in March) on the left; the
English holding the centre of the position. The French strength was
estimated at about 80,000 men. Omar Pasha also arrived in April with
20,000 Turkish troops. Great events were therefore anticipated.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 16: The late Field-Marshal Sir Richard Dacres, G.C.B.]
[Footnote 17: These were all artillery officers.]
[Footnote 18: The late General Sir David Wood, G.C.B., R.H.A.]
[Footnote 19: The history of the Crimean campaign by the Baron de
Bazancourt is often incorrect, and sometimes unjust as regards the
British army, and is therefore not altogether to be relied on. But in
his account of the French views and proposals he has more complete
knowledge, and, in fact, usually quotes official documents, and I have
therefore made some quotations from his work, especially as to this
critical juncture.]
CHAPTER VIII
BOMBARDMENT OF APRIL
On April 9 the second bombardment, for which such incessant
preparations had been made during the winter, at length commenced, and
was vigorously maintained for the following ten days; and although the
Russians carried out numerous sorties, and were also unceasing each
night in repairing their shattered batteries, still it became evident
that the allies had achieved a virtual mastery and had laid open paths
for a general assault. It was a momentous crisis. As regards the
condition of Sebastopol at that time, Todleben, writing of the Bastion
du Mât, said[20] 'that after having undergone a constant and violent
bombardment, the work was in a desperate plight. Its artillery had been
dismounted, its embrasures and its merlons almost entirely demolished,
and a part of its salient had fallen in,' ... 'that they were
constantly expecting to see the enemy take advantage of the critical
state to which the bastion was reduced, and advance to the assault of
the work.' He adds, that the French might have advanced to the assault
of the bastion with an absolute certainty of success ... and that would
have carried with it the fall of Sebastopol.' ...
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