Afghan Wars; Crimean War, 1853-1856; Egypt -- History -- British occupation, 1882-1936; India -- History -- Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-1858
The allied armies were indeed in full expectation of being at length
led to the assault, and the result was almost a foregone conclusion,
but no order was issued and no decisive action taken. The real history
of the case was not known at the time, but the accounts published by
De Bazancourt in 1856, and confirmed long afterwards by Kinglake's
account, have cleared up the mystery. De Bazancourt[21] said: 'La
pensée d'une opération à l'extérieur planait toujours, on le voit,
sur les décisions, et empêchait de tenter contre la place une action
décisive. Les instructions secrètes du général Canrobert lui liaient
les mains, à moins de force majeure.' Again, he quotes a despatch of
Canrobert of April 24 as follows: 'Les officiers généraux des armes
spéciales des deux armées, les chefs de nos deux corps d'armée, ont été
unanimes pour céder dans cette circonstance aux cris de nos soldats
français et anglais, demandant l'assaut. Lord Raglan partage fermement
leur avis. J'ai pensé que mon devoir était de m'y joindre....' It
seems remarkable, considering the unanimity which prevailed amongst
the allied generals, and that the French Commander-in-Chief himself
said he felt it his duty to join them, that no assault took place.
Kinglake,[22] however, by means of French official documents brought to
light after the fall of the Empire, proves that General Canrobert was
in reality held back by instructions from Paris and by the influence
of General Niel, and, in view of the expected arrival of the Emperor,
would not join in a general assault.
Lord Raglan had apparently been informed of the expected arrival of
the Emperor Napoleon, which he considered ill-advised, but both he and
the English Government were kept for some time in the dark as to the
special instructions which fettered the action of General Canrobert.
Various interviews took place towards the end of April between the two
Commanders-in-Chief, and in my journal I find a remark as follows: 'Met
Lord Raglan out riding; he invited me to dinner, but added: "Canrobert
is coming to a Council of War at half-past six, so we shall be late."
The Council did not break up till ten P.M.'
Days thus passed away, and the allies were gradually losing the
opportunity for which they had so long waited. In fact, the second
bombardment of Sebastopol failed, from causes, however, very different
from those which prevailed in the first. In October, 1854, our failure
was due to want of power; in April, 1855, it was from want of will.
Events, however, were hurrying on, and the crisis soon came.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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