{98a} The learned Dr. Oliver (“Religious Houses,” Appendix, p. 167, note 40) says, “wherever the word ‘Kir,’ or any of its derivatives, is found, it implies a former Druid temple.” This syllable forms the base of the Latin “Circulus,” and our own “Circle.” We find many interesting British names containing it; for instance, in the name of that favourite resort of tourists in North Wales, Capel Curig, we have the plural Kerig, implying the British (or Druid) sacred circle of stones, while we have also, prefixed, the translation of it by the Roman Conquerors of those Britons, “Capella,” or Chapel. As a parallel to this, we may mention, that in Wiltshire on “Temple” Downs, there are some stone Druidical remains, which are locally known by the name of “Old Chapel” (Oliver, Ibid., p. 175, note 66). Again in Kerig y Druidion, another place in North Wales, we have the sacred circle “Kerig,” directly connected with the Druids, in the suffix Druidion. There is also at Kirkby Green, near Sleaford, a spot called “Chapel Hill,” another at the neighbouring village Dorrington (“Darun” the Druid sacred oak), and also south of Coningsby, on the sacred Witham, all probably sites of Druid worship. {98b} Mr. Taylor (“Words and Places” p. 130) says, “the names of our rivers are Celtic (_i.e._ British).” There is a river Ben, in Co. Mayo; Bandon, Co. Cork; Bann, Co. Wexford; Bana, Co. Down; Bannon (Ban-avon), in Pembrokeshire; Banney, in Yorkshire; and Bain, in Hertfordshire. {99a} The exact meaning of “by” is seen in the German, which is akin. In Luther’s translation of Job. xxvi. 5, for “they dwell,” the old German is “die bey”; the latter word being our word “bide,” or “abide.” A “by” was an “abode,” or permanent residence; so the Lincolnshire farmer calls the foundation of his stack, the “steddle,” connected with the Saxon, “steady,” and “stead” in “homestead,” &c. {99b} Government Geological Survey, pp. 154–5. {100a} Portions of Waddingworth and Wispington are given in Domesday Book, as being in the soke of Great Stourton, and Kirkby-on-Bain. Stourton Magna, was formerly a place of some importance, sites being still known as the positions of the market place, &c. {100b} The names of Fulbeck, and Fulstow, are given in Domesday Book, as Fugel-beck, and Fugel-stow. {101a} Charter copied from “Dugdale” v., 456. Date 1199. {101b} In a cartulary of Kirkstead Abbey, of the early part of the 12th century, now in the British Museum (“Vespasian” E. xviii.), there is an agreement between the Abbot of Kirkstead, and Robert de Driby, “Lord of Tumby,” that the Abbots’ “mastiffs” should be allowed in “the warren,” of Tumby, at all times of the year, with the shepherds, on condition that they do not take greyhounds; and if the mastiffs do damage to the game, they shall be removed, and other dogs taken in their stead. (“Architect S. Journal” xxiii. p. 109).