Reflections on the painting and sculpture of the Greeks : $b with instructions for the connoisseur, and an essay on grace in works of artWinckelmann, Johann Joachim
Philosophy
Reflections on the painting and sculpture of the Greeks : $b with instructions for the connoisseur, and an essay on grace in works of art
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim
Aesthetics -- Early works to 1800; Art -- Philosophy; Art, Greek
But Herodotus says not a word, either of the total abolition of the
sacred rites, or of the abolition of the custom of preserving the
dead from putrefaction, after the time of Cambyses; nor does Diodorus
Siculus give any such hint: we may, on the contrary, from his account of
the funeral rites of the Egyptians, rather conclude, that this custom
prevailed even in his time; that is to say, when Egypt was changed into a
Roman province.
Hence it cannot be demonstrated that our Mummy was embalmed before the
Persian conquest.—But supposing it to be of that date, is it a necessary
consequence that a body preserved in the Egyptian manner, or even taken
care of by their priests, should be marked with Egyptian words?
Perhaps it is the body of some naturalised Ionian or Carian. We know that
Pythagoras entered into the Egyptian confession; nay, even consented to
be circumcised[91], in order to shorten his way to the mysteries of their
priests. The Carians themselves observed the sacred solemnities of Isis,
and even went so far in their superstition, as to mangle their faces
during the sacrifices offered to that deity[92].
Change the letter ι, in the inscription, into the diphthong ει, and you
have a Greek word: such negligences are often to be met with in Greek
marbles[93], and still more in Greek manuscripts; and with the same
termination it is to be found on a gem, and signifies, “FAREWELL”[94],
which was the usual ejaculation addressed by the living to the deceased;
the same we meet with on ancient epitaphs[95]; public decrees[96]; and
of letters it was the final conclusion[97].
There is on an ancient epitaph the word ΕΥΨΥΧΙ[98]; the form of the Ψ on
ancient stones and manuscripts is exactly the same[99] with the third
letter of ΕΥ✠ΥΧΙ, which was perhaps confounded with it.
But supposing the Mummy to be of later times, the adoption of a Greek
word becomes yet easier. The round form of the ϵ might be something
suspicious, with regard to its pretended antiquity; that form being never
found on the gems or coins before Augustus[100]. But this suspicion
becomes of no weight, by supposing that the Egyptians continued their
embalming, even after the time of that Emperor.
However, the word cannot be an Egyptian one, being inconsistent with the
remains of that ancient tongue in the modern Coptick, as well as with
their manner of writing; which was from the right to the left, as the
Etrurians did[101]; whereas the word in question (like some Egyptian
characters[102],) is traced from the left to the right. As for the
inscription discovered by Maillet[103], no interpreter has yet been
found. The Grecians, on the contrary, wrote in the occidental manner,
for six hundred years before the christian æra, witness the Sigæan
inscription, which is said to be of that date[104].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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