Budding occurs in several groups of the animal kingdom. There are numerous cases in the protozoa, such, for instance, as that in noctiluca. In the sponges buds are formed that go to build up a colony in most instances. In the cœlenterates cases of lateral budding are found in nearly all the main groups, and in one and the same individual, as in the scyphistoma of aurelia, in fact both budding and division occur. In the polyzoa, in the ascidians, and in cephalodiscus lateral budding takes place. In the rhabdocoel turbellarians, and in some of the annelids, we find chains of new individuals produced by a process that is often spoken of as budding. It is convenient, however, to distinguish these cases of axial budding from those of lateral budding; for, while they both involve an increase in the products over that of the original animal, the axial relations in lateral buds are established in a new plane, while in axial budding the main axis of the new animal is a part of that of the old, and this difference may involve different factors. The process of budding does not occur in the insects, spiders, crustaceans, mollusks, ctenophores, brachiopods, nematodes, vertebrates, or in several other smaller groups. This examination shows that there are groups in which both processes take place, viz. cœlenterates, planarians, annelids; and others in which budding alone takes place, viz. ascidians, polyzoa, cephalodiscus; and one group at least in which division, but not budding, takes place, the echinoderms. It is obvious that from the occurrence of the process of budding in the animal kingdom we cannot infer anything as to its relation to division or to regeneration. It has been pointed out that in the flowering plants, in which the growth takes place by means of buds, the power of terminal regeneration is very slightly developed, and its absence is sometimes accounted for on the ground that the new growth takes place by means of the development of lateral buds. If by this statement it is meant that buds being present the suppression of regeneration in other regions may occur, then there may be a certain amount of truth in the statement. If, however, it is intended to mean that _because_ a plant has acquired the power of reproducing new parts by means of buds it has, therefore, lost the power to regenerate in other ways (or has never developed the power to regenerate), then the argument is, I think, fallacious; for we find even in flowering plants that the new buds sometimes arise from the new part, or callus, that forms over the cut-end, and this process resembles a real regenerative process. We also find that hydroids that produce lateral buds also regenerate freely from an exposed end. But we are at present so much in the dark in regard to the causes that bring about budding in organisms that a discussion of the possibilities would hardly be profitable. _AUTOTOMY_