Ziegler (’98) has also made some observations on the egg of this same
ctenophore, that bear directly on some of the questions here raised. His
study of the cleavage shows that the micromeres arise from the part of
the egg that is opposite the pole at which the first cleavage furrow
appears--the animal pole. Fischel’s results have shown that the paddles
and the sense organs arise from these micromeres, for, if the latter are
displaced the former are also.
Ziegler performed the experiment of cutting off that part of an egg
(which has just begun to divide) lying opposite the region in which the
first furrow has appeared. In this way there was removed from the
unsegmented egg the part from which the micromeres develop. Ziegler
found that the micromeres still arise, and that from such pieces larvæ
develop that have _eight_ rows of paddles and _four_ endodermal sacs. In
one case two of the sacs were smaller than the others; in another case
one of the four was very much smaller than the rest. In another
operation a large piece was cut from the egg, leaving a small nucleated
piece that divided into two blastomeres of unequal size. An embryo
developed from this small piece with four endodermal sacs, and only
_four_ well-developed rows of paddles. The four rows of paddles that
were lacking were represented by two groups of a few plates each.
Ziegler gives a different interpretation of these results from that
which Driesch and Morgan have offered. He interprets the last
experiment, in which after the operation the piece divided into two
unequal parts, and only four rows of paddles appeared, as meaning that
the development of these organs on the smaller part is suppressed on
account of the small size of the part. If the part had been still
smaller all trace of the missing paddles might disappear, as he thinks
was the case in certain experiments of Driesch and Morgan. There can be,
I think, little doubt that if a piece is small enough, the result would
follow as Ziegler supposes. It does not seem probable, however, that the
pieces were really below the lower limit in the experiments of Driesch
and Morgan, since the smaller blastomere was in one case as large as the
whole piece (_i.e._ as both blastomeres taken together) in one of
Ziegler’s experiments.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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