The part of the body in which these nourishing substances are supposed
to be produced is not specifically stated, but in one passage Bonnet
says that the fluids that flow toward the head are there used up in that
organ, and we may infer that he held a similar view for the posterior
region. He offers no explanation of the cause of the flow of these
substances in a given direction, and in this respect his hypothesis
lacks support where it is most needed. In fact, it is no more improbable
that a head germ should always develop at the anterior end and a tail
germ at the posterior end, than that head-forming substances should flow
in one direction and tail-forming in another. It is not that it is worth
while to object to Bonnet’s hypothesis on the ground that it does not
explain everything, but it is worth while to point out that it gives
only the appearance of an explanation, and that it begs the whole
question by the assumption of particular nourishing fluids flowing in
definite directions. So far as the blood is concerned, we know that the
different parts of the body take from it those substances or fluids that
they make use of, not that special fluids flow to particular regions. It
is probable that Bonnet thought of the blood rather than of any other
subtler fluids passing through the tissues; and, if so, there is nothing
that we know in regard to the behavior of the blood that lends support
to Bonnet’s idea.
Bonnet takes care to state that the pre-formed germs may not appear to
us like miniature copies of the part into which they develop, but they
are so constructed that, as they absorb nourishment and become larger,
they assume a characteristic form.
Weismann, who has also accepted the pre-formation hypothesis to account
for the development of the egg, has applied the same conception of
pre-formation to the process of regeneration. He believes that partial,
latent germs are present in different parts of the body, and that these
germs are present especially in animals that are liable to injury and in
those parts of the body that are likely to meet with accidents. In these
essential respects, Weismann’s idea is the same as Bonnet’s; but in
regard to the location of the germs, and their manner of awakening, and
as to how the forms, liable to injury, have acquired their power to
regenerate, Weismann adopts more modern standards. He believes that the
germs are located in the nucleus. Those that bring about the development
of the egg are supposed to be different from those that bring about
regeneration, because the method of regeneration is generally different
from the method of development of the egg.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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