in the last analysis, from the idea of the cell as a system in a mechanical sense. This assumption of a receiving and an answering station for the stimuli carries with it the further assumption of a many-sided “_harmony_.” Without a harmony at each step in the development there could be no orderly ontogeny. The assumption of this harmony introduces a new element into the series of hypotheses. The _appearance_ of a causal explanation was given in those parts of the argument preceding the introduction of the assumption of a harmony, but with the admission of this new element into the argument, the causal point of view is left. Driesch says in this connection: “If we cannot gain a singleness of view in the way that has been followed, we can reach this in another way. Indeed, the way of doing so has been already implied in that part of the theory dealing with the harmony of the phenomena. The existence of this harmony is inferred, because, in the large majority of cases, the ontogeny leads to a typical result. Therefore we must assume that the conditions for the end result are given--the conditions are the harmony itself.” Put somewhat less obscurely, if more crudely, we may express Driesch’s idea by saying that the harmony that stands for a hen is given in the hen’s egg. Driesch adds: “Because a typical result always follows, therefore every single step in the ontogeny must be judged, from an analytical standpoint, from the point of view of the result itself. The result is the _purpose_ of the ontogeny. It is as though we visited daily a wharf where a ship is being built,--everything appears a chaos of single pieces, and we can only understand what we see when we consider what is to be made. Only from a teleological point of view can we speak of a development, for this term expresses the very existence of an object to be developed. The term is used fraudulently if it is intended to mean that the development is the outcome of ‘processes,’ using this term in the sense that a mountain or a delta develops from physical processes.” “We can only reach a satisfactory view of the phenomena when we introduce the word ‘purpose.’ This means that we must look upon the ontogeny as a process carried out in its order and quality as though guided by an intelligence. We arrive at this conclusion, because the individual whole is ‘given,’ as the clearly recognized goal of the entire process of development.”