To this example may be added that of certain land snails in the
Philippine Islands. The individuals of the genus helicarion live on
trees in damp forests, often in great droves. They are very active, and
creep with unusual swiftness over the stems and leaves of the trees.
Semper has recorded that all the species observed by him have the
remarkable power of breaking off the tail (foot) close behind the shell,
if the tail is roughly grasped. A convulsive movement is made until the
tail comes off, and the snail drops to the ground, where it is concealed
by the leaves. Semper adds that in this way the snails often escaped
from him and from his collectors, leaving nothing behind but their
tails. The tail is said to be the most obvious part of the animal, and
it is assumed that this is, therefore, the part that a reptile or bird
would first attack.[37] Lang states that in this case external
influences have produced an extraordinarily well-developed sensitiveness
in the animal, so that it reacts to the external stimulus by voluntarily
throwing off the tail. It would be, of course, of small advantage to be
able to throw off the tail unless the power of regenerating the lost
organ existed, or was acquired at the same time as the extreme
sensitiveness that brings about the reaction. Lang does not state,
however, explicitly that he believes the regenerative power to have
arisen through the exposure of the tail of the lizard and the tail of
the snail to injury, although he thinks that the mechanism by means of
which these parts are thrown off has been acquired in this way. Several
other writers have, however, used these same cases to illustrate the
supposed principle of liability to injury and power of regeneration.
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