* We know no other correct way to judge of any system, than to look at the practical effects it has produced in the world since it was promulgated. What then does the record of the past discover to have been the effects of Christianity upon men and nations? What has it done for the enlightenment and progress of the mind--for man's elevation, improvement, and happiness--his proper rank and station as a moral, intellectual, rational being? Let those who have impartially considered this melancholy subject, answer this question: do we not know what it has done for the suppression, or rather annihilation, of them all? Are we told that the fires of the inquisition, with all its accompanying abominations, have been swept away by the reformation; and that the spirit of our religion is changed from that of the raging wolf, to the mildness of the lamb? We positively deny that its _spirit_ is either changed or capable of change: the light of science, and a partial exercise of reason is at present keeping it in check; but it anxiously awaits and looks forward to the return of that congenial element--the intellectual darkness and ignorance which prevailed in the eleventh century. This blessed consummation would effectually restore its power; and thus armed, the demon would quickly show, in the strongest sect, whether Catholic or Protestant, its immutable spirit of tyranny and persecution,--the human mind would again be prostrated, and all the horrors of those times would again cover the face of Christendom. We shall conclude this lecture by asking a few questions. What is it that has, for the last fifteen centuries, obscured the light of Nature, put human reason out of her chair, and, as much as possible, prevented the development of all scientific truths? What was it that first occasioned the shedding of human blood, on account of supernatural speculations, and imaginary existence? What was it that spread war, devastation, and bloodshed over Europe, (agreeably to the New Testament denunciation,)* for more than thirteen hundred years? What is it that still divides Europe into opposing sects; and keeps alive those deadly animosities about chimeras, for which men formerly cut each other's throats? What is it that most generally sets the father's heart against the son, and makes the son abhor the presence of his father? What is the thing which, cherished by ignorance, and sheltered by tyranny, has usurped one-tenth of the proceeds of man's industry; and in wringing this from starving poverty, is supported by cannon, bayonets, and sabres? What is it that has, to serve its own ends, and wholly unsupported by New Testament authority, appropriated to itself one-seventh of the laboring man's time; compelling him to spend that time, either in houses of idolatry, or in idleness and vice at the ale-house, to the utter ruin of his family?