[184] Clark, _Indian Sign Language_, p. 241; Matthews, _Ethnog. of the Hidatsa_, p. 48, etc. [185] See Frazer, _The Golden Bough_, _passim_. [186] See, for illustrative examples, my _Primer of Mayan Hieroglyphics_, p. 49, etc.; and comp. Keary, _Outlines of Primitive Belief_, p. 63, _sq._ [187] A. d’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, tome ii., p. 365. [188] Dorsey, _Siouan Cults_, pp. 390, 455; Alice C. Fletcher in _Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Science_, 1895 and 1896; Brinton, _Myths of New World_, pp. 118, 119, and _Nagualism_, pp. 42, 47, 48. [189] As suggested by E. Bonavia, _Flora of the Assyrian Monuments_ (1894). This is a more likely interpretation than that of Dr. Tylor, that the conical object is the inflorescence of the male date palm; as it is in some bas-reliefs shown presented toward a city gate, a person, etc. [190] Fechner, _Nana, oder das Seelenleben der Pflanze_. [191] Curr, _The Australian Race_, vol. ii., p. 199; Palmer in _Jour. Anthrop. Inst._, vol. xiii., p. 292. [192] A. d’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, tom. i., p. 240. [193] A careful discussion of “Höhencultus,” by Baron von Andrian, may be found in the _Bericht der Deutschen Anthrop. Gesellschaft_, August, 1889. He believes the earliest form to have been that of the individualised height; later, that of its cosmic relations. [194] On the Mexican cave-god, Oztoteotl, see my _Nagualism_, pp. 38-41. [195] Walcott, _Sacred Archæology_, pp. 233, 236, etc. [196] Dalton, _Ethnology of Bengal_, p. 59; Ling Roth, _Natives of Sarawak_, vol. ii., App., p. clxx. [197] M. d’Estrey, in _L’Anthropologie_, tom. iii., pp. 712, _sq._, has made an interesting study of the lizard symbol in Polynesia, to which much could be added from other fields of primitive life. [198] As Keary well says: “The essence of primitive belief lies not in any likeness to humanity, but in differences from it.” _Outlines of Prim. Belief_, p. 26. The Neo-Platonic doctrine of “emanation” led to the belief that a man might become so filled with the divine essence as to become divine himself. This was the claim of Simon the Magician, who “became confessedly a god to his silly followers,” says Hippolytus in his _Refutation of all Heresies_, bk. vi., cap. 13. [199] _Die Etrusker_, Bd. ii., s. 111. [200] Speaking of Jupiter, this fiery preacher exclaims: “Nor is there any kind of baseness in which you do not associate his name with passionate lusts.”—_Adversus Gentes_, lib. v., cap. 22. [201] Howitt, in _Jour. Anthrop. Inst._, vol. xiii., pp. 192, 194; vol. xiv., p. 313. [202] Robertson Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, p. 41; Herzog und Plitt, _Real-Encyclopädie für Prot. Theologie_, _s. v._ Gebet, etc. [203] Hopkins, _Religions of India_, p. 412. [204] Calloway, _Religious System of the Amazulu_, p. 34.