283. There are many diseases as _Rheumatism_, _Tumours of different kinds_, _Cancer_, _Carbuncles_ (_Rajah Boils_), _Abscesses_, _and Ulcers connected either with Leprosy, Syphilis or Scrofula_, in which the pain, especially at night, effectually banishes sleep; here Opium is invaluable. An adult may commence with one grain pill or fifteen drops of Laudanum, taken about an hour before the usual bedtime: if this succeeds in procuring sleep it may safely be repeated nightly; if not, the dose may be doubled the second night, and trebled the third night; but it is not advisable to go beyond this quantity except under professional advice. Even these quantities after a week or two's use lose much of their power, and may require to be cautiously increased. When the pains are lessened and the patient is improving, the quantity of Opium should be decreased gradually, rather than the whole supply left off at once. _To control the Sleeplessness and Restlessness of Delirium Tremens_, Opium given as above may be necessary, but each dose should be combined with four or five grains of Camphor in the form of pill; in fact, Camphor alone in doses of 2 to 3 grains every three or four hours, exercises a most soothing influence, and when this treatment is adopted, the Opium at bedtime may be given alone. 284. _In Spasmodic Affections of the Bowels_, _violent Colic_, _and the Passage of Gall Stones_, and when the pain is violent, a full dose of Opium, _e.g._, 20 to 25 drops of Laudanum in a wineglassful of Omum water, or Infusion of Sweet Flag root (12), often affords speedy relief; should it not do so, however, in half an hour the dose may be repeated, and a third dose after an hour, should the pain continue unabated. At the same time, hot water fomentations, a turpentine stupe, or a mustard poultice, should be applied externally. When the pain has subsided a dose of Castor Oil is advisable, especially when there is reason to suspect that the attack has arisen from the use of crude or indigestible articles of food. 285. _In Cholera_ the practice of giving Opium in large and repeated doses, especially in the solid form, in all stages of the disease, _is fraught with danger_. Administered judiciously at the proper time, and in proper cases, it is capable of doing much good, but its indiscriminate use often produces the worst effects. At the outset of an attack, few remedies are more useful when combined with Acetate of Lead. (_See_ Index.) Again, it is a valuable adjunct to the "Calomel treatment" of Dr. Ayre, which consists in giving one or two grains of Calomel, with from one to five drops of Laudanum, every five, ten, or fifteen minutes, according to the urgency of the symptoms, till the quantity of Laudanum has reached altogether 60 or 80 drops, when it should be discontinued. An essential part of this treatment, which has sometimes proved very effectual, is the free use of cold water as a drink.