Report to Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State For the Home Department, from the Poor Law Commissioners, on an Inquiry Into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain; With AppendicesChadwick, Edwin
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Report to Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State For the Home Department, from the Poor Law Commissioners, on an Inquiry Into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain; With Appendices
Chadwick, Edwin
Housing -- Great Britain; Public health -- Great Britain
Does the existing form or system of sewerage answer fully and at the
least expense the chief objects of sewerage in house and street
cleansing, and the removal of noxious substances?—No, it does not,
except where the outlets have been lowered, and the sewers continued
at a proper level; great accumulations of deposit are occasioned in
the sewers, and from their containing the refuse that was at one time
deposited in the cesspools, the deposit is more noxious than formerly;
the gas is more considerable, it escapes more extensively into streets
and into the houses, where the drains are not well trapped. My opinion
is that the general health of the men who work and have been
accustomed to the sewers, has become still worse; they are more pale
and thin, and lower in general health than formerly. The effect of the
noxious gases upon men working in these places is to lower the general
health. Since I have had the superintendence of the sewers, the men
have encountered about half a dozen accidents by explosions of gas.
But is the health of these men who work in the sewers to be taken as a
criterion of the health of persons who are not accustomed to such
places?—I have had no means of forming a comparison, though I am of
opinion that gases which they encounter without any immediate injury
would be very injurious to the health of susceptible persons, or of
any persons not habituated to it.
The first prejudicial effect of the defective system, then, is to
occasion these noxious accumulations; how are they removed?—Formerly,
in the Holborn and Finsbury sewers, and at present, I believe, in all
other sewers, the streets were opened at a great expense and
obstruction (they are so now, I believe, elsewhere); men descend,
scoop up the deposit into pails, which are raised by a windlass to the
surface, and laid there until the carts come; it is laid there until
it is carted away, sometimes for several hours, to the public
annoyance and prejudice. The contract price for removal from the old
sewers without man-holes was 11_s._ per cubic yard of slop removed;
where they have man-holes it was 6_s._ 10_d._ per cubic yard. This
practice also involves injury and expense as respects the pavement; a
street may be well paved when it is broken up for the cleansing of the
sewers, but the portions of pavements so disturbed are never so well
put down again; neither can accidents be effectually guarded against.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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