That is to say, three widows instead of one, and three sets of stunted and unhealthy children dependent for such various periods, as those above specified, and competing for employment at the same place, instead of one set of healthy children arrived at the age of working ability for self-support. The occupation of the places of work by a comparatively young and procreative population, brought forward by the premature removal of the middle aged and the aged workers, by the various causes of premature deaths—the acceleration of births by premature deaths in infancy as stated in a preceding note—will, I apprehend, sufficiently clearly account for the generally increased proportions of births in those districts where the rate of mortality is high; and it will scarcely be necessary to give further illustrations of the dreadful fallacy which tends to an acquiescence in the continuance of the causes of pestilence and premature mortality as correctives of the pressure of population.” Though the deaths from accidents bear only a small proportion to the deaths from disease, yet registries show that the scattered deaths from various descriptions of violence amount to an average of about 12,000 yearly, in England and Wales alone, or more than aroused the national attention in the late massacre of the troops of the empire during the war in India. The position which this class of causes occupy, in the production of destitute orphanage and widowhood, is shown in the previous tables; but these do not comprehend the whole of the effects; another class of which appear on examining the causes of pauperism: namely, the injuries which occasion permanent disablement. In an analysis of the causes of pauperism, by _Mr. Simkiss_, the auditor of the Wolverhampton union, the cases of which the subjoined is a list were apparent on the pauper-roll. ┌──────┬──────────────┬──────────────────┬────────────────────────────┐ │No. of│ Previous │ Nature of │ Respective Ages. │ │Cases.│Occupations of│ Accident. │ │ │ │ the Paupers. │ │ │ ├──────┼──────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤ │ 18│Miners │Hurt in mines │21, 23, 27, 30, 34, 34, 40, │ │ │ │ │ 40, 43, 44, 47, 49, 50, │ │ │ │ │ 50, 51, 53, 60, 60. │ │ 2│Ditto │Burnt in mines │40, 60. │ │ 1│Locksmith │Lamed by accident │30. │ │ 1│Wheelwright │Accident by waggon│69. │ │ 1│Single woman │Lost her arm by │23. │ │ │ │ accident. │ │ └──────┴──────────────┴──────────────────┴────────────────────────────┘