=220. Details.= This differs from the line transect in that it is wider, and consequently affords a more accurate record of the arrangement of plants. While both give the actual facts of distribution, the line transect necessarily ignores the minor lateral deviations in position. These are brought out in a strip of some width, and the belt transect thus gives a more correct view of the variations which result from competition in an area physically homogeneous. The width of such transects depends upon the length, and the character of the vegetation. The standard width is one decimeter in herbaceous formations, and one meter in the long transects which are used in woodlands. In open vegetation, especially in the initial stages of successions, the width may often be increased to advantage, but ordinarily the amount of work necessary to run a belt transect of some length limits the width to one decimeter. The location of a belt transect, the choice of landmarks, the determination of direction and elevation are made exactly as for the line transect. The topographic map is made in precisely the same way also, the scale used depending upon the length. Two tapes, however, are employed, and these are placed so that they mark off a strip just one decimeter wide. Every few meters, or oftener if need be, they are checked by a decimeter rule, and fixed firmly in place by quadrat stakes. The arrangement of the plants is recorded as for the line transect, except that the record covers a decimeter strip just as in quadrat work. Accordingly, an interval of a centimeter is left on the sheet between the successive portions of the strip, in order that the latter may be put together without confusion when the topographic map and the plant series are combined. The record should invariably start in the upper left-hand corner and read down. The map and the centimeter strip recording the plants of the transect are combined on a common scale as already indicated for the line transect. The ecotones of zones are shown on belt transects by single cross lines, and those of consocies by parallel cross lines. In taking photographs of the transect, it is desirable to use guidons to mark these points clearly. The same device may also be used to indicate the course of the transect, when the tapes are completely hidden by the plants. Physical factor readings should always be taken, and, as before, they are best made at the intersections of the ecotones. _The Permanent Transect_