_ecballon_, _camnon_, _ocheton_, _ardon_. I. Normal successions: cyriodochae (κύριος, regular, δοχή, ἡ, succession) _a._ Primary successions: protodochae (πρῶτος, first, primary) 1. By elevation: hypsium (ὔψος, το, height, elevation, -εῖον, place) 2. By volcanic action: rhysium (ῥυσίς ἡ, flowing, especially of fire) 3. In residuary soils: hedium (ἔδος, τό, a sitting base) 4. In colluvial soils: sphyrium (σφύρον, τό, ankle, talus) 5. In alluvial soils: prochosium (πρόχωσις, ἡ, a deposition of mud) 6. In aeolian soils: pnoium (πνοή, ἡ, blowing, blast) 7. In glacial soils: pagium (πάγος, ὁ, that which becomes solid, i. e., a glacier) _b._ Secondary successions: hepodochae (ἕπω, to follow) 8. In eroded soils: tribium (τρίβω, wear or rub away) 9. In flooded soils: clysium (κλύσις, ὁ, a drenching, flooding) 10. By subsidence: repium (ῥέπω, incline downwards, sink) 11. In landslips: olisthium (ὄλισθος, ὁ, slip) 12. In drained and dried out soils: xerasium (ξηρασία, ἡ, drought) 13. By animal agencies: therium (θήρ, ὁ, wild animal) 14. By human agency: brotium (βροτός, ὁ, a mortal) _a._ Burns: pyrium (πῦρ, τό, fire) _b._ Lumbering: ecballium (ἐκβάλλω, cut down forests) _c._ Cultivation: camnium (κάμνω, cultivate) _d._ Drainage: ochetium (ὀχετός, ὁ, drain) _e._ Irrigation: ardium (ἄρδω, irrigate) II. Anomalous successions: xenodochae (ξένος, strange, unusual) =327. Illustrations.= The following series will illustrate the application of this system of nomenclature to particular successions, and their stages, or formations. Thlaspi-Picea-sphyrium: pennycress-spruce talus succession Thlaspi-Eriogonum-chalicium: pennycress-eriogonum gravel slide formation Elymus-Gilia-chalicium: wildrye-gilia half gravel slide formation Quercus-Holodiscus-driodium: oak-fringewood dry thicket formation Pinus-xerohylium: pine dry forest formation Picea-Pseudotsuga-hylium: spruce-balsam forest formation Bryum-Picea-pyrium: moss-spruce burn succession Bryum-telmatium: moss meadow formation Aster-Chamaenerium-poium: aster-fireweed meadow formation Deschampsia-Carex-poium: hairgrass-sedge meadow formation Salix-Betula-helodrium: willow-birch meadow thicket formation Populus-hylium: aspen forest formation Picea-hylium: spruce forest formation Lecanora-Carex-hedium: lichen-carex residuary succession Lecanora-Gyrophora-petrium: crustose lichen rock formation Parmelia-Cetraria-chalicium: foliose lichen gravel slide formation Paronychia-Silene-chalicium: nailwort-campion gravel slide formation Carex-Campanula-coryphium: sedge-bluebell alpine meadow formation