Research methods in ecologyClements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward)
Science
Research methods in ecology
Clements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward)
Plant ecology; Plant ecology -- Methodology
The fluctuations of pressure due to weather are usually so slight that
their influence may be disregarded. An excellent series of tables of
relative humidity is found in Marvin’s Psychrometric Tables, published
by the U. S. Weather Bureau, and to be obtained from the Division of
Publications, Washington, D. C., for 10 cents. A convenient field form
is made by removing the portion containing the tables of relative
humidity, and binding it in stiff oilcloth.
[Illustration: Fig. 10. Conversion scale for temperatures.]
=74. Sums, means, and curves.= An approximate humidity sum can be
obtained by adding the absolute humidities for each of the twenty-four
hours, and expressing the results in grains per cubic foot. It is
possible to establish a general ratio between this sum and the
transpiration sum of the plant, but its value is not great at present.
Means of absolute and of relative humidity are readily determinable from
the psychrograph records; the latter are the most useful. The mean of
relative humidity for the twenty-four hours of a day is the average of
the twenty-four hour humidities. From these means the seasonal mean is
computed in the same manner. A close approximation, usually within 1
degree, may be obtained in either case by averaging the maximum and
minimum for the period concerned. Various kinds of curves are of value
in representing variation in humidity. Obviously, these must be derived
from the psychrograph, or from the psychrometer when the series is
sufficiently complete. The level curve indicates the variation in
different stations at the same time. These may be combined in a series
for the comparison of readings made at various heights in the stations.
The day or point curve shows the fluctuations during the day of one
point, and the station curve the variation at different heights in the
same station. The curves of successive days or of different stations may
of course be combined on the same sheet for comparison. Level and
station curves based upon mean relative humidities are especially
valuable.
=75. Records.= A field form is obviously unnecessary for the
psychrograph. The record sheets constitute both a field and permanent
record. The altitude and other constant features of the station and the
list of species, etc., are entered on the back of the first record
sheet, or, better, they are noted in the permanent formation record. For
psychrometer readings, whether single or in series, the following record
form is employed:
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