Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900

Name: Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900
Author: Cross, C. F. (Charles Frederick)

Cross, C. F. (Charles Frederick)

Cellulose

In a further series of experiments (c) the jute was subjected to
certain chemical treatments immediately after the separation of the
fibre from the plant. These consisted in steeping (1) in solution of
sodium carbonate, as well as of plant ashes, and (2) in sulphite of
soda, the purpose of the treatments being to modify or arrest the
changes which take place in the fibre when press-packed in bales for
shipment. The samples were shipped from India under the usual conditions
and examined soon after arrival. It was found that the chemical
treatments had produced but small changes in chemical composition of the
fibre-substance. The sulphite treatment was the more marked in
influence, somewhat lowering the cellulose and nitration constants. The
conclusion drawn from the results was that they afford no prospect of
any useful modification, i.e. improvement of the textile quality of the
fibre by any chemical treatments such as could be applied to the fibre
on the spot before drying for press-packing and shipment.

The other matters investigated in the Institute laboratory and reported
on as indicated above are rather of commercial significance, and
contributed no points of moment to the chemistry of cellulose.


OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN THE TRUNKS OF TREES.

F. H. STORER (Bull. Bussey Inst., 1897, 386).

(p. 172) An examination of the outer and inner wood and of the bark of
the grey birch, at different seasons of the year, gave the following
yields of furfural p.ct. on the dry substance:

 ________________________________
|         |               |      |
|         |     Wood      |      |
|         |_______________| Bark |
|         |       |       |      |
|         | Inner | Outer |      |
|_________|_______|_______|______|
|         |       |       |      |
| May     | 21.3  | 19.6  | 16.7 |
| July    | 16.6  | 18.8  | 11.4 |
| October | 16.2  | 16.3  | 12.3 |
|_________|_______|_______|______|

The paper contains the results of treating the woods and various
vegetable products with hydrolysing agents in order of intensity: (a)
Malt-extract at 60 deg.C., (b) boiling dilute HCl (1.0 p.ct. HCl), and
(c) boiling dilute HCl (2.5 p.ct.). The residues were found to yield
considerable proportions of furfural. The following numbers are typical:

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900Cross, C. F. (Charles Frederick)

Science

Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900

Cross, C. F. (Charles Frederick)

Cellulose

In a further series of experiments (c) the jute was subjected to
certain chemical treatments immediately after the separation of the
fibre from the plant. These consisted in steeping (1) in solution of
sodium carbonate, as well as of plant ashes, and (2) in sulphite of
soda, the purpose of the treatments being to modify or arrest the
changes which take place in the fibre when press-packed in bales for
shipment. The samples were shipped from India under the usual conditions
and examined soon after arrival. It was found that the chemical
treatments had produced but small changes in chemical composition of the
fibre-substance. The sulphite treatment was the more marked in
influence, somewhat lowering the cellulose and nitration constants. The
conclusion drawn from the results was that they afford no prospect of
any useful modification, i.e. improvement of the textile quality of the
fibre by any chemical treatments such as could be applied to the fibre
on the spot before drying for press-packing and shipment.

The other matters investigated in the Institute laboratory and reported
on as indicated above are rather of commercial significance, and
contributed no points of moment to the chemistry of cellulose.


OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN THE TRUNKS OF TREES.

F. H. STORER (Bull. Bussey Inst., 1897, 386).

(p. 172) An examination of the outer and inner wood and of the bark of
the grey birch, at different seasons of the year, gave the following
yields of furfural p.ct. on the dry substance:

 ________________________________
|         |               |      |
|         |     Wood      |      |
|         |_______________| Bark |
|         |       |       |      |
|         | Inner | Outer |      |
|_________|_______|_______|______|
|         |       |       |      |
| May     | 21.3  | 19.6  | 16.7 |
| July    | 16.6  | 18.8  | 11.4 |
| October | 16.2  | 16.3  | 12.3 |
|_________|_______|_______|______|

The paper contains the results of treating the woods and various
vegetable products with hydrolysing agents in order of intensity: (a)
Malt-extract at 60 deg.C., (b) boiling dilute HCl (1.0 p.ct. HCl), and
(c) boiling dilute HCl (2.5 p.ct.). The residues were found to yield
considerable proportions of furfural. The following numbers are typical:

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900

Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900

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