Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900Cross, C. F. (Charles Frederick)
Science
Researches on Cellulose, 1895-1900
Cross, C. F. (Charles Frederick)
Cellulose
~Chlorination Statistics.~--It has been pointed out by a correspondent--to
whom we express our indebtedness--that we have made a mistake in
calculating the proportion of lignone from the ratio of the Cl combining
with the fibre substance or lignocellulose (p.ct), to that of the Cl
_present in_ the isolated lignone chloride (p.ct.). The lignocellulose
combines with chlorine in the ratio 100 : 8, but the lignone chloride
_containing_ 26.7 of chlorine means that, neglecting the hydrogen
substituted, 73 of lignone combine with the 27 of chlorine
approximately. On the uniform percentage basis the calculated proportion
of lignone would be 8/37, or a little over 20 p.ct.
In regard to the proportion of hydration attending the resolution, we
have shown on constitutional grounds that this must be relatively small.
Assuming approximately the formula C_{19}H_{22}O_{9} for the lignone
residue as it exists in combination, and the anhydride formula for the
cellulose, these revised statistics now appear, as regards the carbon
contents of the lignocellulose:
Cellulose, 44.4 C; lignone, 57.8.
80 x 44.4 / 100 = 35.52
20 x 57.8 / 100 = 11.56
_____
47.08 p.ct. C in lignocellulose.
These conclusions are in accordance with the experimental facts, and,
taken together with the new evidence we have accumulated from a study of
the lignocellulose esters, we may sum up the constitutional points as
follows: The lignocellulose is a complex of
Cellulose alpha Cellulose beta Lignone
65 p.ct. 15 p.ct. 20
Allied to the normal Yielding furfural One-third of which
celluloses approximately 50 p.ct. is of benzenoid
type
The lignone contains but little hydroxyl. The celluloses are in
condensed hydroxyl union with the lignone, but the combination occurs by
complexes of relatively large molecular weight.
DIE CHEMIE DER LIGNOCELLULOSEN--EIN NEUER TYPUS.
W. C. HANCOCK and O. W. DAHL (Berl. Ber., 1895, 1558).
~Chemistry of Lignocelluloses--A New Type.~
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