Lepsius believed that he had found the Labyrinth at Fayoum, and he was
perhaps right in so thinking. But, even if this remarkable ancient
building should be re-discovered on some other site of the old “lake
country,” yet to Lepsius would still belong the credit of having
determined the position of Lake Moeris, first indicated by Linant de
Bellefonds, and of having proved that the Pharaoh Amenemha III., of the
twelfth dynasty, was the Moeris of the Greeks.[51] He also was the first
to investigate and make known all that was accomplished by this prince
in regulating the inundation of the Nile.
We know that his researches in Egypt and Ethiopia extended even beyond
the limits of the region of monuments. Within that zone he has, if we
may be allowed the expression, left no corner unexplored. He met with
the most abundant returns at Beni Hassan, Thebes, (especially upon the
return journey) Gebel Silsile, the island of Philae, Abu Simbel on the
second cataract, among the ruins of Ethiopian Meroë far in the South,
and also on the peninsula of Sinai.
Within the bounds of the temple of Isis, on the lovely island beyond the
first cataract, he made a succession of discoveries, upon which he
afterwards based great and original works. He first found here an
ecclesiastical ordinance,[52] similar to the decree of Rosetta, drawn
up in two languages, that is in hieroglyphics, and also in the demotic
(popular) writing and language. The numerous names of the Ptolemies,
which occurred in the inscriptions of the temple of Isis, also impelled
him to study more thoroughly the succession of the Egyptian kings of the
house of the Lagidae and to determine finally the order of this series
of rulers, of such great importance for the history of other
countries.[53] Here, as everywhere, he paid special attention to the
Greek inscriptions, which are very numerous on Philae. By his sagacity
and quick insight great additions were made to the Egypto-Grecian
inscriptions previously collected by Letronne and others. Those which
had been previously known received manifold corrections and additions
owing to the extreme accuracy peculiar to him. He afterwards devoted a
special treatise to the hieroglyphic form of the name of the
Ionians.[54]
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