[520] It seems to have been really another beacon-tower or pharos, placed on the island—like the tower on the Sicilian mainland opposite Scylla, where Richard had first landed—to give warning of the proximity of Charybdis; see _Gesta_, 158. [521] _Gesta_, 127; R. Devizes, 19. [522] Cf. _Gesta_, _l.c._, and _Est._, ll. 627-44; the date is from the former. R. Devizes, 22, seems to make it October 2, but his whole account of the matter is fantastic, while that of the _Gesta_ is in close accord with the eye-witness Ambrose, the poet of the _Estoire_. [523] _Gesta_, _l.c._ [524] _Ib._, 138; see Archer’s note on them, _Crusade of Richard I_, 31. [525] _Gesta_, 128; R. Devizes, 22, 23; _Est._, ll. 649-53. [526] _Est._, ll. 654-67. [527] _Gesta_, 128; for Hugh the Brown cf. R. Diceto, ii. 85, _Est._, ll. 717-20, _Itin._ 161, and R. Devizes, 23. [528] _Est._, ll. 683-5. [529] _Ib._, ll. 721-36. [530] _Ib._, ll. 689-701, 779-84. [531] _Gesta_, 129. [532] “Li reis fud un des premerains Qui osast entrer en la vile; Puis i entrerent bien dis mile,” Est., ll. 801-4. The _Itinerarium_, 163, says: “Primus civitatem intravit ipse dux et praevius,” and describes the entrance as effected “per posternam quandam quam rex Anglorum, secunda die adventus sui ad cautelam futurorum circuiens cum duobus sociis, quasi neglectam a civibus perpenderat” (162, 163). This is quite in accord with the character of Richard, who as we shall see later was in the habit of doing his own scouting; and the attack could hardly have been so successful unless some preparations for it had been made beforehand. Still, as the writer of the _Itinerarium_ does not in this part of his work speak as an eye-witness, and the one writer who does so speak—Ambrose—does not give this detail, I prefer to place it only in a footnote. Richard of Devizes, 23, says the town gates were broken down “admoto ariete dicto citius.” But he was certainly not there, and his whole account of the doings at Messina is too full of long speeches to be altogether trustworthy. [533] “Plus tost eurent il pris Meschines C’uns prestres n’ad dit ses matines,” _Est._, ll. 809, 810. Cf. _Itin._, 163. [534] R. Devizes, 24. [535] _Est._, ll. 811-18. [536] _Ib._, ll. 823-61; R. Howden, iii. 58. Howden’s phrase “rex Angliae signa sua deposuit” probably means only that Richard’s banners were placed beneath Philip’s in token of the feudal relation between the kings. [537] _Est._, ll. 844-8. [538] _Ib._, ll. 827-30. [539] _Itin._, 166. [540] _Gesta_, 129. [541] _Ib._, 132. [542] _Est._, ll. 867-86; _Itin._, 165, 166. [543] _Est._, ll. 913-32; cf. _Itin._, 167. [544] _Gesta_, 133. [545] _Ib._, 138. [546] _Est._, ll. 937, 938. [547] _Gesta_, _l.c._; R. Devizes, 25; _Est._, ll. 939, 940. [548] “Que ja a lui [_i. e._ Tancred] ne plaideroit, E que il se porchaceroit.” _Est._, ll. 941-50. [549] _Est._, ll. 951-73. [550] _Ib._, ll. 891-5. [551] Rigord, 106.