Langham had had much experience of Elsmere’s versatility and pliancy, but he had never realized it so much as now, while he sat listening to the vivid, many-colored speech getting quicker and quicker, and more and more telling and original as Robert got more absorbed and excited by what he had to say. He was endeavoring to describe to Langham the sort of book be thought might be written on the rise of modern society in Gaul, dwelling first of all on the outward spectacle of the blood-stained Frankish world as it was, say, in the days of Gregory the Great, on its savage kings, its fiendish women, its bishops and its saints; and then, on the conflict of ideas going on behind all the fierce incoherence of the Empire’s decay, the struggle of Roman order and of German freedom, of Roman luxury and of German hardness; above all, the war of orthodoxy and heresy, with its strange political complications. And then, discontented still, as though the heart of the matter was still untouched, he went on, restlessly wandering the while, with his long arms linked behind him, throwing out words at an object in his mind, trying to grasp and analyze that strange sense which haunts the student of Rome’s decline as it once overshadowed the infancy of Europe, that sense of a slowly departing majesty, of a great presence just withdrawn, and still incalculably potent, traceable throughout in that humbling consciousness of Goth or Frank that they were but ‘beggars hutting in a palace--the place had harbored greater men than they!’ ‘There is one thing,’ Langham said presently, in his slow, nonchalant voice, when the tide of Robert’s ardor ebbed for a moment, ‘that doesn’t seem to have touched you yet. But you will come to it. To my mind, it makes almost the chief interest of history. It is just this. History depends on _testimony_. What is the nature and the value of testimony at given times? In other words, did the man of the third century understand or report, or interpret facts in the same way as the man of the sixteenth or the nineteenth? And if not, what are the differences, and what are the deductions to be made from them, if any?’ He fixed his keen look on Robert, who was now lounging against the books, as though his harangue had taken it out of him a little. ‘Ah, well,’ said the Rector smiling, ‘I am only just coming to that. As I told you, I am only now beginning to dig for myself. Till now it has all been work at second hand. I have been getting a general survey of the ground as quickly as I could with the help of other men’s labors. Now I must go to work inch by inch, and find out what the ground is made of. I won’t forget your point. It is enormously important, I grant--enormously,’ he repeated reflectively. ‘I should think it is’ said Langham to himself as he rose; ‘the whole of orthodox Christianity is in it, for instance!’