Rocks and Their OriginsCole, Grenville A. J. (Grenville Arthur James)
Science
Rocks and Their Origins
Cole, Grenville A. J. (Grenville Arthur James)
Rocks
_Amphibole-schist_, often styled _epidiorite_, consists of foliated
hornblende, or its greener ally actinolite, associated with granular
felspar and sometimes with equally granular quartz. The amphibole
being usually prismatic, the crystals are found with their longer axes
arranged in parallel planes, and often streaked out parallel to one
another. Minute wrinklings, due to subsequent yielding, are not so
frequent as in mica-schists. Amphibole-schists occur commonly as knots
and somewhat irregular masses among mica-schists, and represent basic
igneous rocks that were interbedded or intrusive in the sedimentary
series. The pyroxene of the original rock has become recrystallised as
hornblende, and the felspathic constituent has rearranged itself in
granular forms. J. J. H. Teall[95] has described in interesting detail
an example from the older rocks of Sutherland, and his paper contains a
useful discussion of problems of pressure-metamorphism.
AMPHIBOLITES
Hornblende-schists are often seen to pass into true diorites; but
they also have relationships with the more puzzling rocks known as
_amphibolites_. These, again, graduate into _pyroxenites_, or rocks
rich in pyroxene, with granular quartz and triclinic felspar, and into
_eclogites_, which may be defined as pyroxenites with garnet.
Pyroxene-eclogite, in South Africa, is associated with diamond[96], and
fragments of exploded eclogite abound in the igneous vents from which
the diamonds are extracted.
What has been called "pyroxene-granulite" is a dark granular eclogite,
including rhombic pyroxene side by side with garnet, and associated,
in Saxony and Skye, with igneous intrusions. In both localities it
has been shown to result from the inclusion of basic rocks, such as
dolerites and gabbros, in a bath of some invading magma. The lens-like
form of the Saxon masses, and the occurrence also of sheets of
pyroxene-granulite interlaminated with fine-grained granite, were till
lately attributed to the rolling-out action of pressure-metamorphism.
By what H. Credner calls a complete reversal of opinion, due mainly
to the opening of new railway-sections, the granular eclogites of
Saxony are now regarded as products of extreme contact-alteration,
combined with igneous flow[97]. A. Harker[98] similarly points out that
examples in Skye are derived from basaltic lavas, into which gabbro has
intruded, producing a complete reconstruction of the rock.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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