Roentgen Rays and Phenomena of the Anode and Cathode.Thompson, Edward P. (Edward Pruden)
History
Roentgen Rays and Phenomena of the Anode and Cathode.
Thompson, Edward P. (Edward Pruden)
X-rays
With the apparatus involving the discharge tube in oil, and with
tremendously high potential, he obtained what may be called wonderful
results; for with the sciascope he obtained shadow pictures of the
vertebral column, outline of the hip bones, the location of the heart
(and later detected its pulsations), ribs and shorter bones, and,
without the least difficulty, the bones of all the limbs. More than
this, a sciagraph of the skeleton of the hand was perceived through
copper, iron or brass very nearly 1/4 inch thick, while glass 1/2 inch
thick scarcely dimmed the fluorescence. The skull of the head of an
assistant acted likewise, while at a distance of three feet from the
discharge tube. The motion of the hand was detected upon the screen
although the rays first passed through one’s body. In making
observations with the screen, he advised that experimenters should
surround the oil box closely, except at the end, with thick metal
plates, to prevent X-rays from coming in undesired directions by
reflection from different objects in the room. Obviously the shadows
will be sharper.
148. BODIES NOT MADE CONDUCTORS BY X-RAYS. Tesla referred to Prof. J. J.
Thomson as having announced some time ago “that all bodies traversed by
Roentgen radiations become conductors of electricity.” The author has
witnessed other similar expressions giving credit to Thomson in this
respect, but he understands that Prof. Thomson, having discovered that
X-rays discharge both negatively and positively charged bodies,
conjectured or drew a corallary as to the probability of the bodies
therefore becoming conductors. Tesla, nevertheless, seems to have proved
that the corallary does not hold. In the first place he employed the
very powerful rays, and next, he let the oil be the substance traversed
by the rays. Besides this, he applied a sensitive resonance test. See
detail treatment of his experiments on this subject in _Elect. Rev._,
N.Y., June 24, ’93, p. 228. In brief “a secondary not in very close
inductive relation to the primary circuit, was connected to the latter
and to the ground, and the vibration through the primary was so adjusted
that true resonance took place. As the secondary had a considerable
number of turns, very small bodies attached to the free terminal
produced considerable variations of potential of the latter. Placing a
tube in a box of wood filled with oil and attaching it to the terminal,
I adjusted the vibration through the primary so that resonance took
place without the bulb radiating Roentgen rays to any appreciable
extent. I then changed the conditions so that the bulb became very
active in the production of the rays.”
According to the corallary above referred to, the oil should be, with
such an environment and under such subjection, a conductor of
electricity, but it was not. He emphasized his satisfaction in the
results by saying “the method I followed is so delicate that a mistake
is almost an impossibility.”
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