XLII. You should take care not to plant alfalfa[93] in soil which is either too dry or half wet,[94] but in good order. The authorities say that if the soil is in proper condition a _modius_ (peck) and a half of alfalfa seed will suffice to sow a _jugerum_ of land. This seed is sowed broad-cast on the land like grass and grain. _Of seeding clover and cabbage_ XLIII. Snail clover (_cytisus_) and cabbage is sowed in beds well prepared and is transplanted from them and set out so that the plants are a foot and a half apart, also cuttings are taken from the stronger plants and set out like those which were raised from seed. _Of seeding grain_ XLIV. The quantity of seed required for one _jugerum_ is, of beans, four modii, of wheat five modii, of barley six modii, and of spelt ten modii: in some places a little more or a little less; if the soil is rich, more; if it is thin, less. Wherefore you should observe how much it is the custom to sow in your locality in order that you may do what the region and the quality of the soil demands, which is the more necessary as the same amount of seed will yield in some localities ten for one, and in others fifteen for one, as in Etruria. In Italy also, in the region of Sybaris it is said that seed yields as much as one hundred for one, and as much is claimed for the soil of Syria at Gadara, and in Africa at Byzacium.[95] It is also important to consider whether you will sow in land which is cropped every year which we call _restibilis_, or in fallow land (_vervactum_), which is [ploughed in the spring and so] allowed an interval of rest." "In Olynthia," said Agrius, "they are said to crop the land every year but to get a greater yield every third year." "A field ought to lie fallow every other year," said Stolo, "or at least be planted with some crop which makes less demand upon the soil." 3° CULTIVATING TIME "Tell us," said Agrius, "about the third operation which relates to the cultivation and the nourishment of the crops." _Of the conditions of plant growth_ "All things which germinate in the soil," replied Licinius, "in the soil also are nourished, come to maturity, conceive, are pregnant and in due time bear fruit or ear, so each fruit after its kind yields seed similar to that from which it is sprung. Thus if you pluck a blossom or a green pear from a pear tree, or the like from any other tree, nothing will grow again in that place during the same year, because a tree cannot have two periods of fruition in the same season. They produce only as women bear children, when their time has come."