In another way the soldiers played an important part in Romanizing
newly conquered territory. Near every important garrison _canabae_,
or settlements of merchants and camp-followers, sprang up. Many of
the auxiliaries married native women, who made their homes in these
villages. At the end of their term of service these foreign soldiers
were made Roman citizens. Their marriages with native women were
legalized, and they settled down in these communities on the frontier,
to introduce Roman ideas and Roman institutions in the surrounding
country. When we remember that there were probably 200,000 auxiliary
troops in the second century, we can readily understand what a great
influence their settlement in the provinces must have had. In this
connection it is convenient to speak of the “organizations of Roman
citizens,” or the _conventus civium Romanorum_, as they were called.
As soon as a new province had been acquired, Roman bankers, merchants,
ship-owners, and publicans went to it and settled in the important
cities. They quickly formed an organization of their own in the
community where they lived, because it was natural for Romans to form
a political or social organization, and because certain rights and
privileges which they had set them off from the rest of the community.
They made up the aristocracy of the towns where they lived, and many
natives must have been spurred on to accept Roman ideas and attain
Roman citizenship for the sake of being enrolled in the _conventus_.
The trade which these merchants carried on, and which a fine system of
roads made possible, had a levelling influence throughout the Empire.
Italy and Gaul sent their pottery and bronze utensils, Syria its silk
and linen, Egypt its cotton goods and ivory, and Arabia its gums and
spices to all the great centres of the world. The articles of everyday
use and many articles of luxury were, therefore, the same in all the
provinces, and must have had a great influence in making the daily life
of all the people under Roman rule uniform. Trade usually “followed the
flag,” but in some cases enterprising Roman merchants went in advance
of it. Trajan found them in the capital of Parthia when he took that
city, and there was an “organization of Roman citizens” in Alexandria
long before Rome established a protectorate over Egypt.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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