Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
There was but one more fort, but that a strong one, which the plebeian
_principes_ had to storm. This was the circle of the priestly colleges.
The two religious guilds of paramount political importance, apart from
the decemvirate (_sacris faciundis_) to which Plebeians had been already
admitted, were those of the pontiffs and augurs. The pontifical college,
which in the monarchy had consisted of five members, was now composed of
four, the place occupied by the expelled king having never apparently
been filled up.[472] The augural college, which should have consisted of
six, was also at this time reduced by some accident to four members.[473]
In the year 300 B.C. two tribunes, Q. and Cn. Ogulnius, brought forward
a bill for raising the number of the augurs to nine, and that of the
pontiffs to eight, the added numbers in either case to be taken from the
Plebs.[474] The measure was understood to be primarily in the interest of
the noble Plebeians, already in possession of curule office and triumphal
ornaments, but it did to a large extent assist the rights of the Plebs as
a corporation; for the religious veto henceforth, though it might be used
by the nobility against the interests of the lower orders, could not be
employed by the Patricians to check plebeian measures. The bill, which
became law, established the religious equality of the two orders, so far
as religion was a political force. It is true that, as we shall see, the
Plebs were always excluded from certain non-political priesthoods; but,
on the other hand, one of the religious colleges of national importance
established in later times—the _triumviri epulones_, created in 196
B.C. for preparing the _epulum Jovis_ and banquets given in honour of
the other gods[475]—seems from its origin to have been composed wholly
of Plebeians.[476] The change, however, though indirectly favourable
to the Plebeians, was not of a democratic character; the priesthoods
were kept within a few distinguished families through the principle of
appointment. The method was that of cooptation, which we find existing
in 453 B.C.[477] It was not until the last century of the Republic that
the _lex Domitia_ (104 B.C.) ventured to give the election, not indeed to
the Populus, but to a special assembly composed of seventeen out of the
thirty-five tribes chosen by lot, and even then the forms of nomination
by the head of the college, and of cooptation by its members, were
scrupulously observed.[478]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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