Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
But not only did the tribe assemblies infringe the power of those of the
centuries, they became the later model of the latter, and the tendency
to detract from the influence of wealth was shown in the reorganisation
of the _comitia centuriata_ on a tribal basis.[1250] The date of this
change is unknown; but, as the redistribution of the centuries in its
final form assumes the existence of thirty-five tribes, the alteration
may not be earlier than the year 241 B.C. The leading principle of the
new arrangement was that the five classes were distributed over all the
tribes in such a manner that there were two centuries of each class—one
century of _seniores_ and one of _juniores_—in a single tribe. Each
class thus had two votes in a tribe and seventy votes in all. The
eighteen centuries of knights still stood outside the tribe; so did the
four centuries of _fabri_, _accensi_, _tibicines_ and _cornicines_,
and the fifth century of _proletarii_ which probably existed at this
time.[1251] The total number of centuries would thus be 373 (350 + 18
+ 5). The majority of this number is 187, but the first class and the
_equites_ together now have but 88 votes, thus losing their preponderance
in voting power. In spite of this arrangement by tribes there is no
tribal vote. The unit of voting is still the century, and it is the
number of centuries that decides the question. The organisation is still
by classes, the seventy centuries of each class voting as distinct
bodies.[1252] The _equites_ seem still to have had the right of voting
first,[1253] and the first class took precedence of the others; for the
lot which designated the _centuria praerogativa_[1254] seems to have
been cast only amongst the seventy groups of _seniores_ and _juniores_
belonging to this class.[1255]
The restoration by Sulla of the older method of voting (88 B.C.)[1256]
was not a permanent reform. It disappeared during the Cinnan reaction,
and it is questionable whether it was renewed by the dictator. If it was,
it soon vanished with other items of his aristocratic reorganisation.
The _comitia tributa_ was the most handy of all the assemblies of the
full Populus, and was, consequently, the most frequently employed for
the passing of _leges_. Its presidents were the patrician magistrates,
usually the consuls and praetors and, for purposes of jurisdiction, the
curule aediles. It elected these aediles and other lower magistrates
of the people, as well as the twenty-four tribunes of the first four
legions. Its jurisdiction was limited to pecuniary penalties.
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